Strumwasser F
Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814-4799.
J Exp Anal Behav. 1994 Mar;61(2):307-17. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1994.61-307.
Neuroscience seeks to understand how the human brain, perhaps the most complex electrochemical machine in the universe, works, in terms of molecules, membranes, cells and cell assemblies, development, plasticity, learning, memory, cognition, and behavior. The human behavioral sciences, in particular psychiatry and clinical psychology, deal with disorders of human behavior and mentation. The gap between neuroscience and the human behavioral sciences is still large. However, some major advances in neuroscience over the last two decades have diminished the span. This article reviews the major advances of neuroscience in six areas with relevance to the behavioral sciences: (a) evolution of the nervous system; (b) visualizing activity in the human brain; (c) plasticity of the cerebral cortex; (d) receptors, ion channels, and second/third messengers; (e) molecular genetic approaches; and (f) understanding integrative systems with networks and circadian clocks as examples.
神经科学旨在从分子、膜、细胞和细胞集合、发育、可塑性、学习、记忆、认知及行为等方面，理解人类大脑（或许是宇宙中最复杂的电化学机器）是如何运作的。人类行为科学，尤其是精神病学和临床心理学，研究人类行为和心理的紊乱。神经科学与人类行为科学之间的差距仍然很大。然而，过去二十年神经科学的一些重大进展缩小了这一差距。本文回顾了神经科学在与行为科学相关的六个领域的重大进展：（a）神经系统的进化；（b）人类大脑活动的可视化；（c）大脑皮层的可塑性；（d）受体、离子通道及第二/第三信使；（e）分子遗传学方法；（f）以网络和生物钟为例理解整合系统。
