Cutrufello Paul T, Dixon Curt B
1Department of Exercise Science and Sport, The University of Scranton, Scranton, Pennsylvania; and 2Health Science Department, Lock Haven University, Lock Haven, Pennsylvania.
J Strength Cond Res. 2014 Jul;28(7):1928-36. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000339.
Acute fluid consumption (approximately 1 L) has been shown to reduce urine specific gravity (Usg) among subjects after an overnight fast, yet it is unknown if Usg may be reduced among subjects who have experienced exercise-induced fluid loss. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of acute fluid consumption on Usg, body mass, percent body fat (%BF), and minimum wrestling weight (MWW) following an exercise-induced fluid loss protocol. National Collegiate Athletic Association coaches' perceptions of the weight certification program (WCP) were also evaluated. Twelve men wrestlers (19.8 ± 1.14 years) were tested prepractice (PRE), postpractice (POST), and 1 hour after consuming 1 L of water (PFC). Percent body fat was measured by skinfolds (SF), air displacement plethysmography (ADP), and multifrequency and leg-to-leg bioelectrical impedance analysis to calculate MWW. Urine specific gravity measurements significantly increased above PRE (1.013 ± 0.006) at the POST (1.019 ± 0.007; p = 0.017) and PFC (1.022 ± 0.008; p = 0.025) assessments; however, POST and PFC were not significantly different (p = 0.978) from one another. The %BF values were similar (p > 0.05) at each assessment point when using SF and ADP. When compared with PRE, MWW significantly reduced at the POST assessment when using SF (67.2 ± 8.4 vs. 65.7 ± 8.2 kg; p < 0.001) and ADP (66.6 ± 9.1 vs. 64.8 ± 9.0 kg; p = 0.001), reflecting the reduction in body mass observed after exercise. Forty-seven National Collegiate Athletic Association coaches completed the questionnaire and 2 central themes emerged: (a) concerns with the 1.5% weight loss plan and (b) wrestlers using strategies in an attempt to circumvent the WCP. Exercise-induced fluid loss followed by acute fluid consumption equal to 1 L was ineffective in reducing Usg.
研究表明，对于经过一夜禁食的受试者，一次性摄入约1升液体可降低尿比重（Usg），但对于经历过运动性体液流失的受试者，尿比重是否会降低尚不清楚。本研究的目的是在遵循运动性体液流失方案后，检验一次性摄入液体对尿比重、体重、体脂百分比（%BF）和最低摔跤体重（MWW）的影响。同时也评估了美国国家大学体育协会（NCAA）教练对体重认证计划（WCP）的看法。12名男性摔跤运动员（19.8±1.14岁）在训练前（PRE）、训练后（POST）以及饮用1升水后1小时（PFC）接受测试。通过皮褶厚度（SF）、空气置换体积描记法（ADP）以及多频和双腿生物电阻抗分析测量体脂百分比以计算最低摔跤体重。尿比重测量结果显示，在POST（1.019±0.007；p = 0.017）和PFC（1.022±0.008；p = 0.025）评估时显著高于PRE（1.013±0.006）；然而，POST和PFC之间无显著差异（p = 0.978）。使用SF和ADP时，各评估点的%BF值相似（p>0.05）。与PRE相比，使用SF（67.2±8.4 vs. 65.7±8.2 kg；p<0.001）和ADP（66.6±9.1 vs. 64.8±9.0 kg；p = 0.001）进行POST评估时，最低摔跤体重显著降低，这反映了运动后观察到的体重下降。47名美国国家大学体育协会教练完成了问卷，出现了两个核心主题：（a）对1.5%体重减轻计划的担忧，以及（b）摔跤运动员试图采用策略规避体重认证计划。运动性体液流失后一次性摄入1升液体对降低尿比重无效。
