Ophthalmology Unit, Surgery Department, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, , Sokoto, Nigeria.
Br J Ophthalmol. 2014 Apr;98(4):432-7. doi: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2013-303703. Epub 2013 Dec 16.
The WHO global initiative on elimination of trachoma by 2020 (GET 2020) recommends mapping of trachoma at district (Local Government Area (LGA)) levels to enable planning and control activities in affected communities worldwide. The aim of the present study was to provide baseline data on trachoma for the LGAs of Sokoto and Kebbi states, Nigeria.
A population-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in 25 LGAs between November 2011 and May 2012. The WHO guidelines for trachoma control and risk factor assessment were used in the planning and conduct of the survey.
The prevalence of trachomatous inflammation-follicular in children aged 1-9 years ranged from 0.3% in Sokoto South to 15.6% in Kalgo LGA. The prevalence of trachomatous trichiasis (TT) in adults (>14 years) ranged from 0.03% in three LGAs to 0.6% in Gudu LGA. Logistic regression analysis for the trachoma risk factors after χ(2) analysis showed only distance from water source as a significant risk factor (OR>1, p<0.5). Clean face, access to latrines and knowledge of trachoma prevention were significantly protective (OR<1, p<0.5) against active disease. The average number of persons in need of TT lid surgery ranged from 0 in 3 LGAs to 397 in Danko-Wasagu LGA. Mass antibiotic distribution is needed in 4 LGAs. The estimated number of households in need of latrines and improved water sources are high, with 1 LGA requiring 34 500 latrines and 20 000 improved water sources.
There is a burden of active trachoma of different endemicity levels in all the surveyed LGAs. The burden of trachoma risk factors remains a challenge despite the global effort to decrease the risk factors through the Millennium Development Goals.
世界卫生组织（WHO）在 2020 年消灭沙眼的全球倡议（GET 2020）建议在区（地方政府区（LGA））层面上绘制沙眼地图，以便在全球受影响的社区中进行规划和控制活动。本研究的目的是为尼日利亚索科托州和凯比州的 LGA 提供沙眼的基线数据。
2011 年 11 月至 2012 年 5 月期间，在 25 个 LGA 进行了一项基于人群的横断面调查。调查的规划和进行均采用了 WHO 沙眼控制和危险因素评估指南。
1-9 岁儿童的沙眼滤泡性炎症患病率在索科托南部为 0.3%，在卡尔戈 LGA 为 15.6%。14 岁以上成年人的沙眼性倒睫（TT）患病率在三个 LGA 为 0.03%，在古杜 LGA 为 0.6%。在卡方分析后进行逻辑回归分析，只有距水源的距离是一个显著的危险因素（OR>1，p<0.5）。干净的脸、使用厕所和对沙眼预防的了解对疾病的活动具有显著的保护作用（OR<1，p<0.5）。需要 TT 眼睑手术的人数平均在 3 个 LGA 为 0，在丹科-瓦萨古 LGA 为 397。4 个 LGA 需要大规模分发抗生素。需要厕所和改善水源的家庭数量很高，其中一个 LGA 需要 34500 个厕所和 20000 个改善水源。
在所有调查的 LGA 中，活跃的沙眼都有不同的流行程度。尽管全球努力通过千年发展目标降低风险因素，但沙眼风险因素的负担仍然是一个挑战。
