Department of Molecular, Microbial and Structural Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA.
J Appl Microbiol. 2014 Apr;116(4):805-14. doi: 10.1111/jam.12421. Epub 2014 Jan 6.
To determine how hydrated Bacillus anthracis spores are killed in a high-temperature gas environment (HTGE), and how spores of several Bacillus species including B. anthracis are killed by UV radiation, dry heat, wet heat and desiccation.
Hydrated B. anthracis spores were HTGE treated at c. 220°C for 50 ms, and the treated spores were tested for germination, mutagenesis, rupture and loss of dipicolinic acid. Spores of this and other Bacillus species were also examined for mutagenesis by UV, wet and dry heat and desiccation. There was no rupture of HTGE-treated B. anthracis spores killed 90-99·9%, no mutagenesis, and release of DPA and loss of germination were much slower than spore killing. However, killing of spores of B. anthracis, Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus subtilis by UV radiation or dry heat, but not wet heat in water or ethanol, was accompanied by mutagenesis.
It appears likely that HTGE treatment kills B. anthracis spores by damage to spore core proteins. In addition, various killing regimens inactivate spores of a number of Bacillus species by the same mechanisms.
This work indicates how hydrated spores treated in a HTGE such as might be used to destroy biological warfare agent stocks are killed. The work also indicates that mechanisms whereby different agents kill spores are similar with spores of different Bacillus species.
确定高温气体环境 (HTGE) 中如何使炭疽芽孢杆菌孢子脱水，以及包括炭疽芽孢杆菌在内的几种芽孢杆菌的孢子如何被紫外线辐射、干热、湿热和干燥杀死。
将水合炭疽芽孢杆菌孢子在约 220°C 的 HTGE 中处理 50 ms，然后对处理过的孢子进行发芽、突变、破裂和二吡啶甲酸（DPA）损失测试。还检查了这些和其他芽孢杆菌的孢子在紫外线、湿热和干热以及干燥条件下的突变情况。HTGE 处理的炭疽芽孢杆菌孢子破裂率为 90-99.9%，无突变，DPA 释放和发芽损失的速度均明显慢于孢子的致死速度。然而，紫外线辐射或干热而不是湿热会导致炭疽芽孢杆菌、苏云金芽孢杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的孢子死亡，同时伴有突变。
HTGE 处理似乎通过破坏孢子核心蛋白来杀死炭疽芽孢杆菌孢子。此外，各种杀菌方案通过相同的机制使多种芽孢杆菌的孢子失活。
这项工作表明了在 HTGE 中处理水合孢子（例如可能用于破坏生物战剂库存）的方式，以及不同的杀菌剂通过类似的机制杀死不同的芽孢杆菌孢子。
