Ollinger Michael, Jones Gary, Knoblich Günther
Parmenides Foundation, <location>Munich, Germany</location> Ludwig-Maximilians-University, <location>Munich, Germany</location>
Nottingham Trent University, <location>UK</location>
Exp Psychol. 2014;61(4):263-72. doi: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000245.
Insights are often productive outcomes of human thinking. We provide a cognitive model that explains insight problem solving by the interplay of problem space search and representational change, whereby the problem space is constrained or relaxed based on the problem representation. By introducing different experimental conditions that either constrained the initial search space or helped solvers to initiate a representational change, we investigated the interplay of problem space search and representational change in Katona's five-square problem. Testing 168 participants, we demonstrated that independent hints relating to the initial search space and to representational change had little effect on solution rates. However, providing both hints caused a significant increase in solution rates. Our results show the interplay between problem space search and representational change in insight problem solving: The initial problem space can be so large that people fail to encounter impasse, but even when representational change is achieved the resulting problem space can still provide a major obstacle to finding the solution.
顿悟往往是人类思维的有效成果。我们提供了一种认知模型，该模型通过问题空间搜索与表征变化的相互作用来解释顿悟问题的解决，即根据问题表征对问题空间进行约束或放宽。通过引入不同的实验条件，这些条件要么限制初始搜索空间，要么帮助解题者启动表征变化，我们研究了在卡托纳的五方块问题中问题空间搜索与表征变化的相互作用。对168名参与者进行测试后，我们证明与初始搜索空间和表征变化相关的独立提示对解决率影响不大。然而，同时提供这两种提示会导致解决率显著提高。我们的结果显示了在顿悟问题解决中问题空间搜索与表征变化之间的相互作用：初始问题空间可能非常大，以至于人们无法遇到僵局，但即使实现了表征变化，由此产生的问题空间仍然可能对找到解决方案构成重大障碍。
