Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Preventative Health Research Flagship, Animal, Food and Health Sciences, Adelaide, Australia.
J Nutr. 2014 Mar;144(3):311-20. doi: 10.3945/jn.113.175695. Epub 2013 Dec 18.
Higher n-3 (ω-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and fish intake may help maintain cognitive function in older age. However, evidence is inconsistent; few studies have examined the relation in cognitively healthy individuals across numerous cognitive domains, and none to our knowledge have considered lifetime fish intake. We examined associations between multiple domains of cognition and erythrocyte membrane n-3 PUFA proportions and historical and contemporary fish intake in 390 normal older adults, analyzing baseline data from the Older People, Omega-3, and Cognitive Health trial. We measured n-3 PUFA in erythrocyte membranes, and we assessed historical and contemporary fish intake by food-frequency questionnaires. We assessed cognitive performance on reasoning, working memory, short-term memory, retrieval fluency, perceptual speed, simple/choice reaction time, speed of memory-scanning, reasoning speed, inhibition, and psychomotor speed. Cognitive outcomes for each construct were factor scores from confirmatory factor analysis. Multiple linear regression models controlled for a number of potential confounding factors, including age, education, sex, apolipoprotein E-ε 4 allele, physical activity, smoking, alcohol intake, socioeconomic variables, and other health-related variables. Higher erythrocyte membrane eicosapaentonoic acid proportions predicted slower perceptual and reasoning speed in females, which was attenuated once current fish intake was controlled. No other associations were present between n-3 PUFA proportions and cognitive performance. Higher current fish consumption predicted worse performance on several cognitive speed constructs. Greater fish consumption in childhood predicted slower perceptual speed and simple/choice reaction time. We found no evidence to support the hypothesis that higher proportions of long-chain n-3 fatty acids or fish intake benefits cognitive performance in normal older adults.
较高的 n-3（ω-3）多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFAs）和鱼类摄入量可能有助于维持老年人的认知功能。然而，证据并不一致；很少有研究在认知健康个体中检查了许多认知领域的关系，并且据我们所知，没有研究考虑过终生鱼类摄入量。我们研究了认知健康老年人中多个认知领域与红细胞膜 n-3 PUFAs 比例以及历史和当代鱼类摄入量之间的关系，分析了来自老年人、ω-3 和认知健康试验的基线数据。我们测量了红细胞膜中的 n-3 PUFAs，通过食物频率问卷评估了历史和当代鱼类摄入量。我们评估了推理、工作记忆、短期记忆、检索流畅性、知觉速度、简单/选择反应时间、记忆扫描速度、推理速度、抑制和运动速度等认知表现。每个结构的认知结果都是验证性因素分析的因子分数。多元线性回归模型控制了许多潜在的混杂因素，包括年龄、教育、性别、载脂蛋白 E-ε4 等位基因、身体活动、吸烟、饮酒、社会经济变量和其他健康相关变量。较高的红细胞膜二十碳五烯酸比例预测女性的知觉和推理速度较慢，而当控制当前鱼类摄入量时，这种情况会减弱。n-3 PUFAs 比例与认知表现之间没有其他关联。较高的当前鱼类摄入量预测认知速度的几个结构较差。儿童时期较高的鱼类摄入量预测知觉速度较慢和简单/选择反应时间较慢。我们没有发现证据支持高比例长链 n-3 脂肪酸或鱼类摄入有益于正常老年人认知表现的假设。
