Saslow Laura R, McCoy Shannon, van der Löwe Ilmo, Cosley Brandon, Vartan Arbi, Oveis Christopher, Keltner Dacher, Moskowitz Judith T, Epel Elissa S
Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
Psychophysiology. 2014 Mar;51(3):257-66. doi: 10.1111/psyp.12171. Epub 2013 Dec 20.
What can a speech reveal about someone's state? We tested the idea that greater stress reactivity would relate to lower linguistic cognitive complexity while speaking. In Study 1, we tested whether heart rate and emotional stress reactivity to a stressful discussion would relate to lower linguistic complexity. In Studies 2 and 3, we tested whether a greater cortisol response to a standardized stressful task including a speech (Trier Social Stress Test) would be linked to speaking with less linguistic complexity during the task. We found evidence that measures of stress responsivity (emotional and physiological) and chronic stress are tied to variability in the cognitive complexity of speech. Taken together, these results provide evidence that our individual experiences of stress or "stress signatures"-how our body and mind react to stress both in the moment and over the longer term-are linked to how complex our speech under stress.
一段演讲能揭示出某人的什么状态呢？我们检验了这样一种观点，即在说话时，更高的应激反应性与更低的语言认知复杂性相关。在研究1中，我们测试了心率和对压力性讨论的情绪应激反应是否与更低的语言复杂性相关。在研究2和3中，我们测试了对包括演讲在内的标准化压力任务（特里尔社会应激测试）产生更大的皮质醇反应是否与在任务期间说话时语言复杂性较低有关。我们发现有证据表明，应激反应性（情绪和生理方面）和慢性应激的测量指标与言语认知复杂性的变化有关。综合来看，这些结果提供了证据，表明我们个体的压力体验或“压力特征”——我们的身心在当下和长期对压力的反应方式——与我们在压力下言语的复杂程度有关。
