James Lori E, Schmank Christopher J, Castro Nichol, Buchanan Tony W
Psychology Department, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, 1420 Austin Bluffs Parkway, Colorado Springs, CO, 80918, USA.
Psychology Department, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.
J Psycholinguist Res. 2018 Feb;47(1):169-178. doi: 10.1007/s10936-017-9524-9.
We tested the frequent assumption that the difficulty of word retrieval increases when a speaker is being observed and evaluated. We modified the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) so that participants believed that its evaluative observation components continued throughout the duration of a subsequent word retrieval task, and measured participants' reported tip of the tongue (TOT) states. Participants in this TSST condition experienced more TOTs than participants in a comparable, placebo TSST condition in which there was no suggestion of evaluative observation. This experiment provides initial evidence confirming the assumption that evaluative observation by a third party can be disruptive to word retrieval. We interpret our findings by proposing an extension to a well-supported theoretical model of TOTs.
我们检验了一种常见的假设，即当说话者被观察和评估时，单词检索的难度会增加。我们对特里尔社会应激测试（TSST）进行了修改，使参与者认为其评估观察部分在随后的单词检索任务过程中持续存在，并测量了参与者报告的舌尖（TOT）状态。与没有评估观察暗示的类似安慰剂TSST条件下的参与者相比，处于这种TSST条件下的参与者经历了更多的TOT。该实验提供了初步证据，证实了第三方的评估观察会干扰单词检索这一假设。我们通过对一个得到充分支持的TOT理论模型进行扩展来解释我们的发现。
