From the *Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; †Service d'Anesthésiologie-Réanimation Chirurgicale, CHU de Hautepierre, and EA 3072, Faculté de Médecine, Strasbourg, France; ‡Department of Anesthesiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; §Department of Anesthesiology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany; ‖Department of Pharmacy/Anesthesiology, BaylorScott & White Health, Temple, Texas ¶Department of Anesthesiology & Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; #Department of Anesthesia, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; **Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia; ††Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, UCSF Medical Center at Mt. Zion, San Francisco, California; ‡‡Department of Anesthesiology, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; §§Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Medicine, and Pain Management, University of Miami, Miami, Florida; ‖‖Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong; ¶¶Department of Anesthesia, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; ##System Nursing Education and Research, Mission Health System, Asheville, North Carolina; ***Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; †††Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Alfred Hospital; Academic Board of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; §§§Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Porstmouth, Virginia; ‖‖‖Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and ¶¶¶Divi
Anesth Analg. 2014 Jan;118(1):85-113. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000000002.
The present guidelines are the most recent data on postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and an update on the 2 previous sets of guidelines published in 2003 and 2007. These guidelines were compiled by a multidisciplinary international panel of individuals with interest and expertise in PONV under the auspices of the Society for Ambulatory Anesthesia. The panel members critically and systematically evaluated the current medical literature on PONV to provide an evidence-based reference tool for the management of adults and children who are undergoing surgery and are at increased risk for PONV. These guidelines identify patients at risk for PONV in adults and children; recommend approaches for reducing baseline risks for PONV; identify the most effective antiemetic single therapy and combination therapy regimens for PONV prophylaxis, including nonpharmacologic approaches; recommend strategies for treatment of PONV when it occurs; provide an algorithm for the management of individuals at increased risk for PONV as well as steps to ensure PONV prevention and treatment are implemented in the clinical setting.
本指南是关于术后恶心和呕吐（PONV）的最新数据，也是继 2003 年和 2007 年发布的前两组指南之后的更新。这些指南是由一个对 PONV 有兴趣和专业知识的多学科国际小组在门诊麻醉学会的支持下编写的。小组成员对 PONV 的当前医学文献进行了批判性和系统的评估，为接受手术且 PONV 风险增加的成人和儿童的管理提供了循证参考工具。这些指南确定了成人和儿童中发生 PONV 的风险患者；建议降低 PONV 基线风险的方法；确定预防 PONV 的最有效单一疗法和联合疗法方案，包括非药物方法；建议在发生 PONV 时的治疗策略；提供了针对 PONV 高风险个体的管理算法，以及确保在临床环境中实施 PONV 预防和治疗的步骤。
