University of Chichester, Bishop Otter Campus, College Lane , Chichester, West Sussex, England.
J Sports Sci Med. 2006 Jul 1;5(CSSI):74-89. eCollection 2006.
Despite worldwide popularity of amateur boxing, research focussed on the physiological demands of the sport is limited. The physiological profile of Senior and Junior England international amateur boxers is presented. A gradual (8 to 21-days) and rapid (0 to 7-days) phase of body weight reduction was evident with 2.2 ± 0.3 % of the 7.0 ± 0. 8 % weight loss occurring over the final 24-hours. An increase in body weight >4% was observed following a recovery period. High urine osmolality values (> 1000 mOsm·kg(-1)) were recorded during training and competition. High post-competition blood lactate values (>13.5 mmol·l(-1)) highlighted the need for a well-developed anaerobic capacity and the importance of not entering the ring in a glycogen depleted state. The aerobic challenge of competition was demonstrated by maximum heart rate values being recorded during 'Open' sparring. Mean body fat values of 9-10% were similar to those reported for other weight classified athletes. Normal resting values were reported for hematocrit (Senior 48 ± 2 % and Junior 45 ± 2 %), haemoglobin (Senior 14.7 ± 1.0 g·dl(-1) and Junior 14.5 ± 0.8 g·dl(-1)), bilirubin (Senior 15.3 ± 6.2 µmol·l-1(-1)) and ferritin (Senior 63.3 ± 45.7 ng·ml(-1)). No symptoms associated with asthma or exercise-induced asthma was evident. A well- developed aerobic capacity was reflected in the Senior VO2max value of 63.8 ± 4.8 ml·kg(-1)·min(-1). Senior lead hand straight punching force (head 1722 ± 700 N and body 1682 ± 636 N) was lower than the straight rear hand (head 2643 ± 1273 N and body 2646 ± 1083 N), lead hook (head 2412 ± 813 N and body 2414 ± 718 N) and rear hook (head 2588 ± 1040 N and body 2555 ± 926 N). It was concluded that amateur boxing performance is dependent on the interplay between anaerobic and aerobic energy systems. Current weight making methods may lead to impaired substrate availability, leading to reduced competitive performance and an increased risk to a boxers health. Key PointsSenior England international amateur boxers decrease 6.0-8.3 % (7.0 ± 0.8 %) body weight over a 21-day pre-contest period by employing passive and active weight making methods.Urine osmolality values >1000 mOsm·kg(-1) are recorded during training and competition.Senior and Junior England international amateur boxers experience high post contest blood lactate values (Seniors 13.5 ± 2 mmol·l(-1) and Juniors 14.1 ± 2 mmol·l(-1) under the current 4 rounds x 2-minute contest format.Senior England international amateur boxers have a high relative VO2max of 63.8 ± 4.8 ml·kg(-1)·min(-1)Senior England international amateur boxers have a straight and hook punch force >2400 N, except for the straight lead hand to the head and body.
尽管业余拳击在全球范围内广受欢迎，但针对该运动的生理学需求的研究却很有限。本文呈现了英格兰高级和初级国际业余拳击手的生理特征。在 21 天的逐渐减重阶段和 7 天的快速减重阶段中，有 2.2±0.3%的体重损失发生在最后 24 小时内，最终体重减轻了 7.0±0.8%。在恢复期后，体重增加超过 4%。在训练和比赛中，尿液渗透压值>1000 mOsm·kg(-1)。比赛后血液乳酸值较高（>13.5 mmol·l(-1)），这突出表明需要具备良好的无氧能力，并且在糖原耗尽的情况下进入拳击台是很重要的。比赛的有氧挑战表现为“开放”对练时的最大心率值。体脂率平均值为 9-10%，与其他按体重分级的运动员相似。红细胞压积（高级组为 48±2%，初级组为 45±2%）、血红蛋白（高级组为 14.7±1.0 g·dl(-1)，初级组为 14.5±0.8 g·dl(-1)）、胆红素（高级组为 15.3±6.2 μmol·l(-1)）和铁蛋白（高级组为 63.3±45.7 ng·ml(-1)）的正常静息值均有报道。没有明显的哮喘或运动引起的哮喘症状。高级组的最大摄氧量（VO2max）值为 63.8±4.8 ml·kg(-1)·min(-1)，这表明有氧能力较好。高级组直拳（头部 1722±700 N，身体 1682±636 N）的出拳力量低于后手直拳（头部 2643±1273 N，身体 2646±1083 N）、后手勾拳（头部 2412±813 N，身体 2414±718 N）和后手勾拳（头部 2588±1040 N，身体 2555±926 N）。综上所述，业余拳击的表现取决于无氧和有氧能量系统之间的相互作用。目前的减重方法可能会导致底物可用性受损，从而降低比赛成绩，并增加拳击手的健康风险。关键点英格兰高级国际业余拳击手在 21 天的赛前期间通过被动和主动减重方法将体重减轻 6.0-8.3%（7.0±0.8%）。在训练和比赛中，尿液渗透压值>1000 mOsm·kg(-1)。英格兰高级和初级国际业余拳击手在当前 4 回合 x 2 分钟的比赛形式下，赛后血液乳酸值较高（高级组 13.5±2 mmol·l(-1)，初级组 14.1±2 mmol·l(-1)）。英格兰高级国际业余拳击手的相对最大摄氧量（VO2max）值较高，为 63.8±4.8 ml·kg(-1)·min(-1)。英格兰高级国际业余拳击手的直拳和勾拳力量超过 2400 N，除了头部和身体的直拳和直拳。
