Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, United Kingdom.
Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, United Kingdom.
Environ Pollut. 2014 Mar;186:257-71. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.11.014. Epub 2013 Dec 18.
Increasing use of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles [Me(O)NPs] in products means many will inevitably find their way into marine systems. Their likely fate here is sedimentation following hetero-aggregation with natural organic matter and/or free anions, putting benthic, sediment-dwelling and filter feeding organisms most at risk. In marine systems, Me(O)NPs can absorb to micro-organisms with potential for trophic transfer following consumption. Filter feeders, especially bivalves, accumulate Me(O)NPs through trapping them in mucus prior to ingestion. Benthic in-fauna may directly ingest sedimented Me(O)NPs. In fish, uptake is principally via the gut following drinking, whilst Me(O)NPs caught in gill mucus may affect respiratory processes and ion transport. Currently, environmentally-realistic Me(O)NP concentrations are unlikely to cause significant adverse acute health problems, however sub-lethal effects e.g. oxidative stresses have been noted in many organisms, often deriving from dissolution of Ag, Cu or Zn ions, and this could result in chronic health impacts.
随着金属和金属氧化物纳米粒子[Me（O）NPs]在产品中的使用越来越多，许多粒子不可避免地会进入海洋系统。它们在这里的可能归宿是与天然有机物和/或游离阴离子异质聚集后沉降，使底栖生物、沉积物栖息生物和滤食生物面临最大的风险。在海洋系统中，Me（O）NPs 可以被微生物吸收，在被消耗后可能发生营养转移。滤食者，特别是双壳类动物，通过在摄入前将它们困在黏液中而积累 Me（O）NPs。底栖无脊椎动物可能直接摄入沉降的 Me（O）NPs。在鱼类中，摄入主要是通过饮用后进入肠道，而被鳃黏液捕获的 Me（O）NPs 可能会影响呼吸过程和离子转运。目前，环境现实的 Me（O）NP 浓度不太可能导致严重的急性健康问题，但在许多生物中已经注意到亚致死效应，例如氧化应激，这通常源于 Ag、Cu 或 Zn 离子的溶解，这可能导致慢性健康影响。
