School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, EPGL, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
Firmenich SA, Corporate R&D Division, Geneva, CH-1211, Switzerland.
Food Chem. 2014 May 1;150:235-45. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.10.103. Epub 2013 Nov 1.
The detailed characterization of cold-pressed lemon oils (CPLOs) is of great importance for the flavor and fragrance (F&F) industry. Since a control of authenticity by standard analytical techniques can be bypassed using elaborated adulterated oils to pretend a higher quality, a combination of advanced orthogonal methods has been developed. The present study describes a combined metabolomic approach based on UHPLC-TOF-MS profiling and (1)H NMR fingerprinting to highlight metabolite differences on a set of representative samples used in the F&F industry. A new protocol was set up and adapted to the use of CPLO residues. Multivariate analysis based on both fingerprinting methods showed significant chemical variations between Argentinian and Italian samples. Discriminating markers identified in mixtures belong to furocoumarins, flavonoids, terpenoids and fatty acids. Quantitative NMR revealed low citropten and high bergamottin content in Italian samples. The developed metabolomic approach applied to CPLO residues gives some new perspectives for authenticity assessment.
冷榨柠檬汁（CPLO）的详细特征对于香精香料（F&F）行业非常重要。由于通过标准分析技术控制真实性可能会被使用精制的掺假油来假装更高质量所绕过，因此已经开发了组合的正交方法。本研究描述了一种基于 UHPLC-TOF-MS 分析和（1）H NMR 指纹图谱的组合代谢组学方法，以突出 F&F 行业中使用的一组代表性样品的代谢物差异。建立了一种新的方案，并适应 CPLO 残渣的使用。基于两种指纹图谱方法的多元分析表明，阿根廷和意大利样品之间存在显著的化学差异。混合物中鉴定出的判别标记物属于呋喃香豆素、类黄酮、萜类化合物和脂肪酸。定量 NMR 显示意大利样品中的柠檬烯含量低，而佛手柑素含量高。应用于 CPLO 残渣的代谢组学方法为真实性评估提供了一些新的视角。
