Nemcova Barbora, Mikulaskova Hana, Bednarova Ivana, Beklova Miroslava, Pikula Jiri
Department of Ecology and Diseases of Game, Fish and Bees, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Czech Republic.
Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2013;34 Suppl 2:5-10.
Trace concentrations of the platinum group elements (PGE; Pt, Pd and Rh) are nowadays an irreplaceable part of environmental analysis and assessment. These rare elements are used as effective substances in automotive catalysts to reduce pollution by emissions originating from fuel combustion. Due to their harmful potential, it is necessary to monitor their content and behaviour in different samples. Effect assessment using ecotoxicological bioassays with organisms at different trophic levels can provide valuable pieces of information on the risk of chemical substances in the ecosystem.
The experiments were carried out as described in the OECD Guideline 232 [CSN ISO 11267 - Soil quality - Inhibition of reproduction of Collembola (Folsomia candida) by soil pollutants]. The reproductive effects of palladium (PdCl2) and rhodium (RhCl3) were examined. Concentrations of PGE tested were as follows: 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 µmol.L-1. The EC50 (medium effective concentration) was determined after 28 days of exposure. Inhibition of reproduction of PGE-exposed collembolans was compared against controls.
Values of 28dEC50 of PdCl2 and RhCl3 amounted to 21.0 µmol.L-1 and 266.22 µmol.L-1, respectively. We can confirm that the relative order of toxicities is Pd (II) > Pt(IV) >> Rh(III).
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to use Folsomia candida as an indicator species to assess the risk of soil contamination by palladium and rhodium. However, more toxicity data for various species are needed to evaluate the environmental risks of PGEs in soils.
如今，痕量铂族元素（PGE；铂、钯和铑）是环境分析与评估中不可替代的一部分。这些稀有元素被用作汽车催化剂中的有效物质，以减少燃料燃烧产生的排放污染。鉴于它们的潜在危害，有必要监测其在不同样品中的含量和行为。使用不同营养级生物进行生态毒理学生物测定的效应评估，可为生态系统中化学物质的风险提供有价值的信息。
实验按照经合组织指南232[CSN ISO 11267 - 土壤质量 - 土壤污染物对弹尾虫（白色符氏跳虫）繁殖的抑制作用]进行。研究了钯（PdCl₂）和铑（RhCl₃）的繁殖效应。所测试的铂族元素浓度如下：5、10、25、50和100 μmol·L⁻¹。暴露28天后测定半数效应浓度（EC50）。将暴露于铂族元素的弹尾虫的繁殖抑制情况与对照组进行比较。
PdCl₂和RhCl₃的28dEC50值分别为21.0 μmol·L⁻¹和266.22 μmol·L⁻¹。我们可以确认毒性的相对顺序为Pd（II）> Pt（IV）>> Rh（III）。
据我们所知，这是第一项使用白色符氏跳虫作为指示物种来评估土壤被钯和铑污染风险的研究。然而，需要更多不同物种的毒性数据来评估土壤中铂族元素的环境风险。
