Liu Yang, Fu Qiang, Gao Jun, Xu Wang-Gu, Yin Bo, Cao Ya-Qiao, Qin Wei-Hua
Key Laboratory for Ecology and Pollution Control of Coastal Wetlands, Environmental Protection Department of Jiangsu Province, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China.
Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing 210042, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2013 Oct;34(10):4081-9.
Current status and intake risk of heavy metal pollution in aquatic products were studied in Yancheng, Jiangsu Province. Twenty-two kinds of aquatic products were sampled in May 2012, and the concentrations of Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb and Cr in muscles were measured using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Single factor pollution index (Pg) and metal pollution index (MPI) were used to evaluate the degree of pollution, and provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) and carcinogenic risks were used to assess the edible safety and health risk, respectively. We found all the aquatic products were contaminated, and the pollutions by Cd, Pb and Cr were more serious, with the exceeding rates of 31.8% , 31.8% and 40.9% , respectively. Pi indices indicated the contents of Cd, Pb and Cr exceeded the allowable criteria of " Light Pollution", while Cd and Pb in freshwater fish, Pb and Cr in shellfish, and Cr in cephalopoda reached the criteria of " Heavy Pollution". The MPI results showed that heavy metal pollution in shellfish was the most severe, followed by crustacean, freshwater fish, and cephalopoda, while it was slight in marine fish. At present, the edible safety of heavy metals in aquatic products was acceptable in Yancheng, but the Cr intake of shellfish and cephalopoda was approaching PTWI and that of a minority of marine fishes even exceeded the PTWI value. The model estimation for health risk indicated that the health risk value of heavy metal ingestion was still below the maximal acceptable level (5.0 x 10(-5) a-1), recommended by International Commission on Radiation Protection (ICRP) , but the values of Cr for shellfish and cephalopoda were approaching the criterion. In summary, heavy metal pollution in aquatic products in Yancheng is rather severe, especially for Cr pollution, and more attention should be paid to the pollution status, edible safety and health risk.
对江苏省盐城市水产品中重金属污染的现状及摄入风险进行了研究。2012年5月采集了22种水产品样本，采用原子吸收光谱法测定了肌肉中镉、铜、锌、铅和铬的含量。采用单因子污染指数（Pg）和金属污染指数（MPI）评价污染程度，分别采用暂定每周耐受摄入量（PTWI）和致癌风险评估食用安全性和健康风险。结果发现，所有水产品均受到污染，镉、铅和铬的污染较为严重，超标率分别为31.8%、31.8%和40.9%。Pi指数表明，镉、铅和铬的含量超过了“轻度污染”的允许标准，而淡水鱼中的镉和铅、贝类中的铅和铬以及头足类中的铬达到了“重度污染”标准。MPI结果表明，贝类中的重金属污染最为严重，其次是甲壳类、淡水鱼和头足类，而海水鱼中的污染较轻。目前，盐城市水产品中重金属的食用安全性尚可，但贝类和头足类的铬摄入量接近PTWI，少数海水鱼的铬摄入量甚至超过了PTWI值。健康风险的模型估计表明，重金属摄入的健康风险值仍低于国际辐射防护委员会（ICRP）推荐的最大可接受水平（5.0×10−5 a−1），但贝类和头足类的铬值接近该标准。综上所述，盐城市水产品中的重金属污染较为严重，尤其是铬污染，应更加关注其污染状况、食用安全性和健康风险。
