Zimmerman Gregory M, Messner Steven F, Rees Carter
Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
University at Albany, The State University of New York, USA.
J Interpers Violence. 2014 Jul;29(10):1802-33. doi: 10.1177/0886260513511702. Epub 2013 Dec 22.
Secondary exposure to community violence, defined as witnessing or hearing violence in the community, has the potential to profoundly impact long-term development, health, happiness, and security. While research has explored pathways to community violence exposure at the individual, family, and neighborhood levels, prior work has largely neglected situational factors conducive to secondary violence exposure. The present study evaluates "unstructured socializing with peers in the absence of authority figures" as a situational process that has implications for secondary exposure to violence. Results indicate that a measure of unstructured socializing was significantly associated with exposure to violence, net of an array of theoretically relevant covariates of violence exposure. Moreover, the relationships between exposure to violence and three of the most well-established correlates of violence exposure in the literature-age, male, and prior violence-were mediated to varying degrees by unstructured socializing. The results suggest a more nuanced approach to the study of secondary violence exposure that expands the focus of attention beyond individual and neighborhood background factors to include situational opportunities presented by patterns of everyday activities.
二次暴露于社区暴力，定义为目睹或听闻社区中的暴力行为，有可能对长期发展、健康、幸福和安全产生深远影响。虽然研究已经探索了个体、家庭和邻里层面上接触社区暴力的途径，但先前的研究在很大程度上忽视了有利于二次暴力暴露的情境因素。本研究将“在没有权威人物在场的情况下与同龄人进行无组织的社交活动”评估为一个情境过程，该过程与二次暴力暴露有关。结果表明，在排除一系列理论上相关的暴力暴露协变量后，无组织社交的一项指标与暴力暴露显著相关。此外，暴力暴露与文献中最确定的暴力暴露相关因素中的三个——年龄、男性以及先前的暴力经历——之间的关系在不同程度上通过无组织社交得以中介。研究结果表明，对于二次暴力暴露的研究需要一种更细致入微的方法，这种方法将关注焦点从个体和邻里背景因素扩展到包括日常活动模式所呈现的情境机会。
