School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Northeastern University, 417 Churchill Hall, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Northeastern University, 204 Churchill Hall, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
J Youth Adolesc. 2017 Sep;46(9):1933-1952. doi: 10.1007/s10964-017-0694-4. Epub 2017 May 22.
The relationship between secondary exposure to violence-defined as witnessing violence in the home, community, or school-and adolescent substance use is well-documented. Yet, multi-wave empirical studies examining this relationship are sparse. In addition, studies have only begun to examine whether this relationship varies by the situational components of the violent event. Using data from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN), this study examines the contemporaneous, short-term, and long-term effects of secondary exposure to violence on substance use, and whether witnessing violence in which a weapon is present has a different impact on adolescent substance use than does witnessing violence without a weapon. Hierarchical logistic regression models on a racially and ethnically diverse sample of 1670 youth (51.5% female) residing in 79 neighborhoods indicated that: (1) the effects of secondary exposure to violence on alcohol and marijuana use were enduring, albeit attenuated, over time; (2) the effect of secondary exposure to violence on illicit drug use was suppressed in the short-term but significant in the long-term; (3) witnessing violence without a weapon was salient for alcohol and marijuana use at all time points; and (4) witnessing violence with a weapon impacted illicit drug use in the long-term. The results suggest that addressing the consequences of secondary exposure to violence requires prolonged intervention efforts and that the study of secondary exposure to violence requires a more nuanced approach that accounts for situational aspects of the violent event.
二次暴力暴露（在家中、社区或学校目睹暴力）与青少年物质使用之间的关系已有充分记录。然而，多波实证研究对此关系的研究很少。此外，研究才刚刚开始检验这种关系是否因暴力事件的情境成分而有所不同。本研究使用芝加哥社区人类发展项目（PHDCN）的数据，考察了二次暴力暴露对物质使用的同期、短期和长期影响，以及目睹有武器的暴力事件是否比目睹没有武器的暴力事件对青少年物质使用有不同的影响。在一个由 1670 名居住在 79 个街区的不同种族和民族的青年（51.5%为女性）组成的样本中，采用分层逻辑回归模型进行分析，结果表明：（1）二次暴力暴露对酒精和大麻使用的影响是持久的，尽管随着时间的推移而减弱；（2）二次暴力暴露对非法药物使用的短期影响被抑制，但长期影响显著；（3）在所有时间点，目睹无武器的暴力事件与酒精和大麻使用显著相关；（4）目睹有武器的暴力事件对非法药物使用的长期影响。研究结果表明，解决二次暴力暴露的后果需要长期干预，对二次暴力暴露的研究需要一种更细致的方法，考虑暴力事件的情境方面。
