Murphy Lauren A, Robertson Michelle M, Carayon Pascale
Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Liberty Mutual Research Institute for Safety, Hopkinton, MA, USA.
Liberty Mutual Research Institute for Safety, Hopkinton, MA, USA.
Accid Anal Prev. 2014 Jul;68:16-24. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2013.11.011. Epub 2013 Dec 9.
To date little research has examined safety climate in relation to macroergonomics and how the two distinct sub-disciplines can be integrated to affect safety outcomes. The purpose of macroergonomics is to design a fully "harmonized" work system that improves numerous aspects of organizational performance and effectiveness, and this is accomplished by incorporating the foundational theoretical framework of sociotechnical systems theory (STS). Two broad subsystems within such a system are the personnel subsystem, the ways individuals perform tasks, and the technological subsystem, the tasks to be performed. Management is an important aspect of the personnel subsystem, and there is a growing body of research regarding supervisors' influence over employee safety. One such area of research is safety climate, which is based on the perception of workers regarding safety and organizational practices. Two major factors of safety climate are management commitment to safety and communication pertaining to safety as a true priority from both top management and direct supervisors. This article describes the conceptual overlaps of macroergonomics and safety climate in order to present a conceptual model that integrates these domains using the framework of mesoergonomics. In conclusion, we discuss how this model can serve as a framework to guide the analysis and design of work systems and subsequent organizational interventions.
迄今为止，很少有研究探讨与宏观工效学相关的安全氛围，以及这两个不同的子学科如何整合以影响安全结果。宏观工效学的目的是设计一个完全“协调一致”的工作系统，以改善组织绩效和有效性的诸多方面，这是通过纳入社会技术系统理论（STS）的基础理论框架来实现的。这样一个系统中的两个广泛子系统是人员子系统，即个人执行任务的方式，以及技术子系统，即要执行的任务。管理是人员子系统的一个重要方面，关于主管对员工安全影响的研究越来越多。安全氛围就是这样一个研究领域，它基于员工对安全和组织实践的认知。安全氛围的两个主要因素是管理层对安全的承诺，以及来自高层管理人员和直接主管将安全作为真正优先事项的沟通。本文描述了宏观工效学与安全氛围的概念重叠，以便提出一个使用中观工效学框架整合这些领域的概念模型。最后，我们讨论了这个模型如何作为一个框架来指导工作系统的分析和设计以及随后的组织干预。
