Kleiner Brian M, Hettinger Lawrence J, DeJoy David M, Huang Yuang-Hsiang, Love Peter E D
a Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University , Perry Street, Blacksburg , VA 24061 , USA.
Ergonomics. 2015;58(4):635-49. doi: 10.1080/00140139.2015.1009175.
Theoretical and practical approaches to safety based on sociotechnical systems principles place heavy emphasis on the intersections between social-organisational and technical-work process factors. Within this perspective, work system design emphasises factors such as the joint optimisation of social and technical processes, a focus on reliable human-system performance and safety metrics as design and analysis criteria, the maintenance of a realistic and consistent set of safety objectives and policies, and regular access to the expertise and input of workers. We discuss three current approaches to the analysis and design of complex sociotechnical systems: human-systems integration, macroergonomics and safety climate. Each approach emphasises key sociotechnical systems themes, and each prescribes a more holistic perspective on work systems than do traditional theories and methods. We contrast these perspectives with historical precedents such as system safety and traditional human factors and ergonomics, and describe potential future directions for their application in research and practice.
The identification of factors that can reliably distinguish between safe and unsafe work systems is an important concern for ergonomists and other safety professionals. This paper presents a variety of sociotechnical systems perspectives on intersections between social--organisational and technology--work process factors as they impact work system analysis, design and operation.
基于社会技术系统原则的安全理论与实践方法非常强调社会-组织因素与技术-工作流程因素之间的交叉点。从这个角度来看，工作系统设计强调诸如社会和技术流程的联合优化、关注可靠的人机系统性能和安全指标作为设计与分析标准、维持一套现实且一致的安全目标和政策，以及定期获取工人的专业知识和意见等因素。我们讨论了当前分析与设计复杂社会技术系统的三种方法：人机系统集成、宏观工效学和安全氛围。每种方法都强调了关键的社会技术系统主题，并且与传统理论和方法相比，每种方法都对工作系统提出了更全面的观点。我们将这些观点与诸如系统安全以及传统人因工程学等历史先例进行对比，并描述它们在研究和实践中应用的潜在未来方向。
识别能够可靠地区分安全与不安全工作系统的因素是工效学家和其他安全专业人员的重要关注点。本文呈现了多种社会技术系统视角，涉及社会-组织因素与技术-工作流程因素之间的交叉点，因为它们会影响工作系统的分析、设计和运行。
