Liberty Mutual Research Institute for Safety, Hopkinton, MA, USA; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
Liberty Mutual Research Institute for Safety, Hopkinton, MA, USA.
Appl Ergon. 2018 Jan;66:70-81. doi: 10.1016/j.apergo.2017.08.002. Epub 2017 Aug 29.
The purpose of this study was to develop a methodology that extends safety climate beyond an overall score by using the framework of macroergonomics to examine the entire system in a more comprehensive manner. The study is discussed in two papers: one paper describes the study methodology in detail (Murphy, Robertson, Huang, Jeffries, & Dainoff, in press), and the current paper describes the results of the study. Multiple methods were combined to create a systems approach, and those methods include the critical incident technique, contextual inquiries with functional role diagrams, and affinity mapping. Key informants in the trucking industry identified 19 themes that affect safety. The themes ranged from balancing work and family/personal time, the company's policy vs. practice, respecting the job of the driver, and active listening and meaningful feedback. The most prominent themes were related to the workers and their activities; the internal environment, including psychosocial job design elements; and organizational design. Such information can be used to design interventions to change the safety climate of an organization in order to reduce negative safety outcomes.
本研究旨在开发一种方法，通过使用宏观人体工程学框架，超越总体评分来扩展安全氛围，以更全面的方式检查整个系统。该研究在两篇论文中进行了讨论：一篇论文详细描述了研究方法（Murphy、Robertson、Huang、Jeffries 和 Dainoff，in press），而本文则描述了研究结果。多种方法相结合，形成了一种系统方法，这些方法包括关键事件技术、带有功能角色图的情境查询和亲和图。卡车运输行业的关键信息提供者确定了 19 个影响安全的主题。这些主题范围从平衡工作和家庭/个人时间、公司政策与实践、尊重驾驶员的工作，以及积极倾听和有意义的反馈。最突出的主题与工人及其活动、包括社会心理工作设计要素的内部环境以及组织设计有关。此类信息可用于设计干预措施，以改变组织的安全氛围，从而减少负面安全结果。
