Heikkilä Teppo Juhani, Hyppölä Harri, Aine Tiina, Halila Hannu, Vänskä Jukka, Kujala Santero, Virjo Irma, Mattila Kari
Unit of Primary Health Care, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O. Box 1777, FI 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
Emergency Department, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O. Box 1777, FI 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
Health Policy. 2014 Feb;114(2-3):109-17. doi: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2013.12.001. Epub 2013 Dec 12.
Though there are a number of studies investigating the career choices of physicians, there are only few concerning doctors' choices of workplace. A random sample (N=7758) of physicians licensed in Finland during the years 1977-2006 was surveyed. Respondents were asked: "To what extent did the following motives affect your choice of your current workplace?" Respondents were grouped based on several background variables. The groups were used as independent variables in univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The factors Good workplace, Career and professional development, Non-work related issues, Personal contacts and Salary were formed and used as dependent variables. There were significant differences between groups of physicians, especially in terms of gender, working sector and specialties. The association of Good workplace, Career and professional development, and Non-work related issues with the choice of a workplace significantly decreased with age. Female physicians were more concerned with Career and professional development and Non-work related issues. Since more females are entering the medical profession and there is an ongoing change of generations, health care organizations and policy makers need to develop a new philosophy in order to attract physicians. This will need to include more human-centric management and leadership, better possibilities for continuous professional development, and more personalized working arrangements depending on physician's personal motives.
尽管有许多研究调查医生的职业选择，但关于医生工作场所选择的研究却很少。对1977年至2006年期间在芬兰获得执照的医生进行了随机抽样调查（N = 7758）。受访者被问到：“以下动机在多大程度上影响了你对当前工作场所的选择？”受访者根据几个背景变量进行分组。这些组在单变量协方差分析（ANCOVA）中用作自变量。形成了“良好的工作场所”“职业与专业发展”“非工作相关问题”“个人人际关系”和“薪资”等因素，并用作因变量。医生群体之间存在显著差异，尤其是在性别、工作部门和专业方面。随着年龄的增长，“良好的工作场所”“职业与专业发展”以及“非工作相关问题”与工作场所选择之间的关联显著降低。女医生更关注“职业与专业发展”以及“非工作相关问题”。由于越来越多的女性进入医疗行业，并且代际更替仍在持续，医疗保健组织和政策制定者需要制定一种新的理念以吸引医生。这将需要包括更多以人为本的管理和领导方式、更好的持续专业发展机会以及根据医生个人动机制定的更个性化的工作安排。
