Thrane Susan
1University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
J Pediatr Oncol Nurs. 2013 Nov-Dec;30(6):320-32. doi: 10.1177/1043454213511538.
Throughout the trajectory of the cancer experience, children and adolescents will likely face pain and anxiety in a variety of circumstances. Integrative therapies may be used either alone or as an adjunct to standard analgesics. Children are often very receptive to integrative therapies such as music, art, guided imagery, massage, therapeutic play, distraction, and other modalities. The effect of integrative modalities on pain and anxiety in children with cancer has not been systematically examined across the entire cancer experience. An in-depth search of PubMed, CINAHL, MedLine, PsychInfo, and Web of Science, integrative medicine journals, and the reference lists of review articles using the search terms pain, anxiety, pediatric, child*, oncology, cancer, neoplasm, complementary, integrative, nonconventional, and unconventional yielded 164 articles. Of these, 25 warranted full-text review. Cohen's d calculations show medium (d = 0.70) to extremely large (8.57) effect sizes indicating that integrative interventions may be very effective for pain and anxiety in children undergoing cancer treatment. Integrative modalities warrant further study with larger sample sizes to better determine their effectiveness in this population.
在整个癌症经历过程中，儿童和青少年可能会在各种情况下面临疼痛和焦虑。综合疗法既可以单独使用，也可以作为标准镇痛药的辅助手段。儿童通常对音乐、艺术、引导式想象、按摩、治疗性游戏、分散注意力等综合疗法以及其他方式非常接受。在整个癌症经历过程中，尚未对综合疗法对癌症患儿疼痛和焦虑的影响进行系统研究。通过使用“疼痛”“焦虑”“儿科”“儿童*”“肿瘤学”“癌症”“肿瘤”“补充”“综合”“非常规”和“非传统”等搜索词，对PubMed、CINAHL、MedLine、PsychInfo、科学网、综合医学期刊以及综述文章的参考文献列表进行深入搜索，共获得164篇文章。其中，25篇值得进行全文审查。科恩d值计算显示效应大小为中等（d = 0.70）到极大（8.57），表明综合干预措施可能对接受癌症治疗的儿童的疼痛和焦虑非常有效。综合疗法值得用更大的样本量进行进一步研究，以更好地确定其在该人群中的有效性。
