Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Transfusion. 2014 Mar;54(3 Pt 2):789-96. doi: 10.1111/trf.12518. Epub 2013 Dec 23.
Dietary studies show a relationship between the intake of iron enhancers and inhibitors and iron stores in the general population. However, the impact of dietary factors on the iron stores of blood donors, whose iron status is affected by blood donations, is incompletely understood.
In the Danish Blood Donor Study, we assessed the effect of blood donation frequency, physiologic factors, lifestyle and supplemental factors, and dietary factors on ferritin levels. We used multiple linear and logistic regression analyses stratified by sex and menopausal status.
Among high-frequency donors (more than nine donations in the past 3 years), we found iron deficiency (ferritin below 15 ng/mL) in 9, 39, and 22% of men, premenopausal women, and postmenopausal women, respectively. The strongest predictors of iron deficiency were sex, menopausal status, the number of blood donations in a 3-year period, and the time since last donation. Other significant factors included weight, age, intensity of menstruation, iron tablets, vitamin pills, and consumption of meat and wine.
The study confirms iron deficiency as an important problem, especially among menstruating women donating frequently. The risk of iron depletion was largely explained by sex, menopausal status, and donation frequency. Other factors, including dietary and supplemental iron intake, had a much weaker effect on the risk of iron depletion.
饮食研究表明，在普通人群中，铁增强剂和抑制剂的摄入量与铁储存量之间存在关系。然而，对于其铁状态受到献血影响的献血者的铁储存量受饮食因素影响的情况，人们了解得并不完全。
在丹麦献血者研究中，我们评估了献血频率、生理因素、生活方式和补充因素以及饮食因素对铁蛋白水平的影响。我们使用多元线性和逻辑回归分析按性别和绝经状态进行分层。
在高频献血者（过去 3 年内献血次数超过 9 次）中，我们分别发现男性、绝经前女性和绝经后女性的铁缺乏（铁蛋白<15ng/mL）比例为 9%、39%和 22%。铁缺乏的最强预测因素是性别、绝经状态、3 年内的献血次数以及上次献血后的时间。其他重要因素包括体重、年龄、月经强度、铁剂、维生素片以及肉类和葡萄酒的摄入。
该研究证实了缺铁是一个重要问题，尤其是在频繁献血的月经女性中。铁耗竭的风险在很大程度上由性别、绝经状态和献血频率决定。其他因素，包括饮食和补充铁的摄入，对铁耗竭的风险影响较小。
