a Wake Forest School of Medicine, Social Sciences and Health Policy , Winston-Salem , North Carolina.
Traffic Inj Prev. 2014;15(3):243-51. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2013.816419.
Legislation is an effective strategy for reducing road-related fatalities and injuries. Public opinion can be an impetus for passing new laws and can affect the success of their implementation, but little is known about the current state of public opinion toward existing and proposed road-related policies in the United States. This review describes the scope and results of research on public support for state- and local-level evidence-based motor vehicle- and bicycle-related policies. We identify gaps in our understanding of public support for these policies.
Published U.S. literature and all reports from the NHTSA from the past decade (2003-2012) were searched for data on opinions about existing or proposed policies related to motor vehicle or bicycle injury prevention. Twenty-six studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. In all, studies reported public opinion about 7 injury prevention topic areas: all-terrain vehicles (n = 1), automated enforcement with red light and speed cameras (n = 5), distracted driving (n = 4), drinking and driving (n = 5), graduated driver licensing (n = 7), helmets (n = 7), and seat belts (n = 4). Twenty-three studies focused only on one topic, and 3 sought public opinion about multiple topic areas.
The studies revealed generally high levels of support for injury prevention policies in all topic areas. Fifteen studies collected information from national samples, and only 7 studies reported data from the state (n = 5) or local (n = 2) level.
There is a relatively small evidence base on public opinion related to motor vehicle- and bicycle-related evidence-based policies; even less is less known for state- or county-specific policies. The findings of this review suggest that the public's opinion toward injury prevention legislation is generally favorable. This information can be used to communicate with the media and policy makers to reinforce the need for effective policy solutions to continuing motor vehicle injury problems. More research is needed to understand the perspectives of those who do not hold favorable opinions, to understand opinions toward local or state-level policies, and to monitor trends in public opinion over time. Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Traffic Injury Prevention to view the supplemental file.
立法是减少道路相关伤亡的有效策略。公众意见可以成为推动新法律通过的动力，并影响其实施的成功，但人们对美国现有和拟议的与道路相关政策的公众意见的当前状况知之甚少。本综述描述了针对支持州和地方一级基于证据的机动车和自行车相关政策的公众意见的研究范围和结果。我们确定了我们对这些政策的公众支持理解存在差距的地方。
搜索了过去十年（2003-2012 年）美国 NHTSA 的所有出版物和报告，以获取有关机动车辆或自行车伤害预防相关现有或拟议政策的意见数据。有 26 项研究符合纳入标准。在所有研究中，报告了 7 个伤害预防主题领域的公众意见：全地形车（n = 1），带有红灯和速度相机的自动执法（n = 5），分心驾驶（n = 4），酒后驾车（n = 5），分级驾照（n = 7），头盔（n = 7）和安全带（n = 4）。23 项研究仅关注一个主题，3 项研究则寻求多个主题领域的公众意见。
研究表明，在所有主题领域，公众对伤害预防政策的支持率普遍较高。15 项研究从全国样本中收集信息，只有 7 项研究报告了来自州（n = 5）或地方（n = 2）一级的数据。
有关机动车和自行车相关循证政策的公众意见的证据基础相对较小；对于州或县特定政策，了解得就更少了。本综述的结果表明，公众对伤害预防立法的意见普遍较为有利。这些信息可以用于与媒体和政策制定者进行沟通，以强调需要采取有效的政策解决方案来解决持续存在的机动车伤害问题。需要进行更多的研究，以了解那些不持有利意见的人的观点，了解对地方或州一级政策的意见，并随着时间的推移监测公众意见的趋势。本文提供了补充材料。请访问出版商的《交通伤害预防》在线版查看补充文件。
