Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Naples, Italy.
FEBS J. 2014 Feb;281(4):998-1016. doi: 10.1111/febs.12699. Epub 2014 Jan 15.
The glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterases are evolutionarily conserved proteins that have been linked to several patho/physiological functions, comprising bacterial pathogenicity and mammalian cell proliferation or differentiation. The bacterial enzymes do not show preferential substrate selectivities among the glycerophosphodiesters, and they are mainly dedicated to glycerophosphodiester hydrolysis, producing glycerophosphate and alcohols as the building blocks that are required for bacterial biosynthetic pathways. In some cases, this enzymatic activity has been demonstrated to contribute to bacterial pathogenicity, such as with Hemophilus influenzae. Mammalian glyerophosphodiesterases have high substrate specificities, even if the number of potential physiological substrates is continuously increasing. Some of these mammalian enzymes have been directly linked to cell differentiation, such as GDE2, which triggers motor neuron differentiation, and GDE3, the enzymatic activity of which is necessary and sufficient to induce osteoblast differentiation. Instead, GDE5 has been shown to inhibit skeletal muscle development independent of its enzymatic activity.
甘油磷酸二酯磷酸二酯酶是进化上保守的蛋白质，与多种病理/生理功能相关，包括细菌致病性和哺乳动物细胞增殖或分化。细菌酶对甘油磷酸二酯没有优先的底物选择性，它们主要致力于甘油磷酸二酯的水解，产生甘油磷酸和醇作为细菌生物合成途径所需的构建块。在某些情况下，这种酶活性已被证明有助于细菌的致病性，例如流感嗜血杆菌。哺乳动物的甘油磷酸二酯酶具有高的底物特异性，即使潜在的生理底物的数量在不断增加。这些哺乳动物酶中的一些已被直接与细胞分化相关联，如 GDE2，它触发运动神经元分化，和 GDE3，其酶活性对于诱导成骨细胞分化是必要和充分的。相反，已经表明 GDE5 独立于其酶活性抑制骨骼肌发育。
