Stem Cell Institute at the James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, 500 S, Floyd Street, Rm, 107, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
J Ovarian Res. 2013 Dec 27;6(1):95. doi: 10.1186/1757-2215-6-95.
There are well-known side effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy that are mainly related to the toxicity and impaired function of vital organs; however, the induction by these therapies of expression of several pro-metastatic factors in various tissues and organs that in toto create a pro-metastatic microenvironment is still, surprisingly, not widely acknowledged. In this review, we support the novel concept that toxic damage in various organs leads to upregulation in "bystander" tissues of several factors such as chemokines, growth factors, alarmines, and bioactive phosphosphingolipids, which attract circulating normal stem cells for regeneration but unfortunately also provide chemotactic signals to cancer cells that survived the initial treatment. We propose that this mechanism plays an important role in the metastasis of cancer cells to organs such as bones, lungs, and liver, which are highly susceptible to chemotherapeutic agents as well as ionizing irradiation. This problem indicates the need to develop efficient anti-metastatic drugs that will work in combination with, or follow, standard therapies in order to prevent the possibility of therapy-induced spread of tumor cells.
化疗和放疗有众所周知的副作用，主要与重要器官的毒性和功能受损有关；然而，这些治疗方法在各种组织和器官中诱导表达几种促转移因子，这些因子共同形成促转移的微环境，这一观点仍然令人惊讶地没有得到广泛认可。在这篇综述中，我们支持这样一个新的概念，即各种器官的毒性损伤导致“旁观者”组织中几种因子的上调，如趋化因子、生长因子、警报素和生物活性磷酸鞘脂，这些因子吸引循环中的正常干细胞进行再生，但不幸的是，也为幸存下来的癌细胞提供了趋化信号初始治疗。我们提出，这种机制在癌细胞转移到骨骼、肺部和肝脏等对化疗药物和电离辐射高度敏感的器官中起着重要作用。这个问题表明，需要开发有效的抗转移药物，这些药物将与标准疗法联合使用，或紧随标准疗法之后，以防止治疗引起的肿瘤细胞扩散的可能性。
