Leszczynski Dariusz
STUK - Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Proteomics. 2014 Mar;14(4-5):481-8. doi: 10.1002/pmic.201300390.
Acute biological effects caused by the exposure to high doses of radiation, either ionizing or nonionizing, are relatively well-known but the delayed effects, occurring decades after exposure, are difficult to predict. The knowledge of the acute and delayed effects of the low doses of ionizing radiation (e.g. bystander effect) or nonionizing radiation (e.g. radiation emitted by wireless communication devices) is not yet reliably established. Often the acute effects of low doses are small and difficult to discover and replicate in scientific studies. Chronic effects of prolonged exposures to low-dose radiation for decades are virtually unknown and often not possible to predict on the basis of the knowledge gained from acute exposures to high doses of radiation. Physiological significance of the biological effects induced by low doses of radiation is not known. The same lack of predictability of outcomes applies to the delayed effects of high-dose radiation exposures. Proteomics, supplemented with other "omics" techniques, might be the best way forward to find out the target molecules of radiation, the biomarkers of radiation exposure and the physiological and health significance of the acute and delayed biological effects caused by the exposures to high- and low-dose radiation. However, the currently available database of radiation effects on proteomes is far too small to be useful in formulation of new hypotheses concerning health consequences of radiation exposures.
暴露于高剂量的电离或非电离辐射所引起的急性生物学效应相对为人熟知，但暴露数十年后出现的延迟效应却难以预测。低剂量电离辐射（如旁观者效应）或非电离辐射（如无线通信设备发出的辐射）的急性和延迟效应的相关知识尚未得到可靠确立。通常，低剂量的急性效应很小，在科学研究中难以发现和复制。数十年来长期暴露于低剂量辐射的慢性效应实际上尚不清楚，而且往往无法根据高剂量辐射急性暴露所获得的知识进行预测。低剂量辐射诱导的生物学效应的生理意义尚不清楚。高剂量辐射暴露的延迟效应同样缺乏可预测性。蛋白质组学辅以其他“组学”技术，可能是找出辐射的靶分子、辐射暴露的生物标志物以及高剂量和低剂量辐射暴露所引起的急性和延迟生物学效应的生理及健康意义的最佳途径。然而，目前可用的辐射对蛋白质组影响的数据库太小，无法用于形成有关辐射暴露健康后果的新假设。
