Washio Masakazu, Mori Mitsuru, Mikami Kazuya, Miki Tsuneharu, Watanabe Yoshiyuki, Nakao Masahiro, Kubo Tatsuhiko, Suzuki Koji, Ozasa Kotaro, Wakai Kenji, Tamakoshi Akiko
Department of Public Health, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan E-mail :
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2014 Jan;14(11):6523-8. doi: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.11.6523.
Cigarette smoking is the largest single recognized cause of human cancers. In Western countries, many epidemiologists have reported risk factors for kidney cancer including smoking. However, little is known about the Japanese population.
We evaluated the association of smoking with the risk of kidney cancer death in the Japan Collaborative Cohort (JACC) Study. Participants included 46,395 males and 64,190 females. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine age-and-sex adjusted relative risks.
A total of 62 males and 26 females died from kidney cancer during the follow-up of 707,136 and 1,025,703 person-years, respectively. Heavy smokers (Brinkman index >1200), fondness of fatty foods, hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), and obesity were suggested to increase the risk of renal cell carcinoma while walking was suggested to decrease the risk. Even after controlling for age, sex, alcohol drinking and DM, heavy smoking significantly increased the risk.
The present study suggests that six factors including smoking may increase and/or reduce the risk of kidney cancer in the Japanese population. Because of the small number of outcomes, however, we did not evaluate these factors after adjusting for all possible confounding factors. Further studies may be needed to confirm the findings in this study.
吸烟是公认的导致人类癌症的最大单一原因。在西方国家，许多流行病学家报告了包括吸烟在内的肾癌风险因素。然而，对于日本人群的情况却知之甚少。
我们在日本协作队列（JACC）研究中评估了吸烟与肾癌死亡风险之间的关联。参与者包括46395名男性和64190名女性。采用Cox比例风险模型来确定年龄和性别调整后的相对风险。
在分别为707136和1025703人年的随访期间，共有62名男性和26名女性死于肾癌。重度吸烟者（ Brinkman指数>1200）、喜欢吃油腻食物、高血压、糖尿病（DM）和肥胖被认为会增加肾细胞癌的风险，而步行则被认为会降低风险。即使在控制了年龄、性别、饮酒和糖尿病之后，重度吸烟仍显著增加风险。
本研究表明，包括吸烟在内的六个因素可能会增加和/或降低日本人群患肾癌的风险。然而，由于结局数量较少，我们并未在调整所有可能的混杂因素后对这些因素进行评估。可能需要进一步的研究来证实本研究的结果。
