Coley Rebekah Levine, Lombardi Caitlin McPherran
Applied Developmental & Educational Psychology, Boston College.
J Fam Psychol. 2014 Feb;28(1):88-97. doi: 10.1037/a0034998. Epub 2013 Dec 30.
Low-income women's rates of employment have grown dramatically in recent years, yet the stability and quality of their employment remain low. Using panel data from the Three-City Study following 1,586 low-income African American, Latina, and European American women, this study assessed associations between women's employment quality (wages; receipt of health insurance) and stability (work consistency; job transitions) and their financial, personal, and family well-being. Hierarchical linear models assessing within-person effects found that increases in wages were associated with improved financial well-being and physical health. Average wages over time similarly were associated with greater levels of income and financial stability as well as mental and physical health at the end of the study. In contrast, few significant associations emerged for receipt of health insurance or for the stability and consistency of women's employment. Results have implications for programs and policies seeking to support disadvantaged women's employment in order to improve family resources and functioning.
近年来，低收入女性的就业率大幅增长，但其就业稳定性和质量仍然较低。本研究利用“三城市研究”的面板数据，跟踪了1586名低收入非裔美国女性、拉丁裔女性和欧美裔女性，评估了女性就业质量（工资；医疗保险覆盖情况）和稳定性（工作连贯性；工作转换）与她们的财务、个人和家庭福祉之间的关联。评估个体内部效应的分层线性模型发现，工资增加与财务福祉改善和身体健康相关。随着时间推移的平均工资同样与更高水平的收入和财务稳定性以及研究结束时的身心健康相关。相比之下，在医疗保险覆盖情况或女性就业的稳定性和连贯性方面，几乎没有出现显著关联。研究结果对旨在支持弱势女性就业以改善家庭资源和功能的项目及政策具有启示意义。
