*Defense Threat Reduction Agency, 8725 John J. Kingman Road, Fort Belvoir, VA 22060-6201; †U.S. Army, 9351 Hall Road, Bldg. 1456, Fort Belvoir, VA 22060-5860.
Health Phys. 2014 Feb;106(2):272-8. doi: 10.1097/HP.0000000000000032.
The U.S. military consists of five armed services: the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Air Force, and Coast Guard. It directly employs 1.4 million active duty military, 1.3 million National Guard and reserve military, and 700,000 civilian individuals. This paper describes the military guidance used to preserve and maintain the health of military personnel while they accomplish necessary and purposeful work in areas where they are exposed to radiation. It also discusses military exposure cohorts and associated radiogenic disease compensation programs administered by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, the U.S. Department of Justice, and the U.S. Department of Labor. With a few exceptions, the U.S. military has effectively employed ionizing radiation since it was first introduced during the Spanish-American War in 1898. The U.S military annually monitors 70,000 individuals for occupational radiation exposure: ~2% of its workforce. In recent years, the Departments of the Navy (including the Marine Corps), the Army, and the Air Force all have a low collective dose that remains close to 1 person-Sv annually. Only a few Coast Guard individuals are now routinely monitored for radiation exposure. As with the nuclear industry as a whole, the Naval Reactors program has a higher collective dose than the remainder of the U.S. military. The U.S. military maintains occupational radiation exposure records on over two million individuals from 1945 through the present. These records are controlled in accordance with the Privacy Act of 1974 but are available to affected individuals or their designees and other groups performing sanctioned epidemiology studies.Introduction of Radiation Exposure of U.S. Military Individuals (Video 2:19, http://links.lww.com/HP/A30).
陆军、海军、海军陆战队、空军和海岸警卫队。它直接雇用了 140 万现役军人、130 万国民警卫队和预备役军人，以及 70 万文职人员。本文介绍了在军事人员在辐射暴露地区完成必要和有目的的工作时，用于保护和维持其健康的军事指导。它还讨论了美国退伍军人事务部、美国司法部和美国劳工部管理的军事辐射暴露队列和相关放射性疾病赔偿计划。除了少数例外，自 1898 年西班牙-美国战争首次引入电离辐射以来，美国军队一直在有效地使用它。美国军队每年监测 70000 人职业性辐射暴露情况：约占其劳动力的 2%。近年来，海军部（包括海军陆战队）、陆军和空军的所有部门的集体剂量都很低，接近每年 1 人-Sv。现在只有少数海岸警卫队人员例行监测辐射暴露情况。与整个核工业一样，海军反应堆计划的集体剂量高于美国其余军队。美国军队从 1945 年至今保存了超过 200 万人的职业性辐射暴露记录。这些记录根据 1974 年《隐私法》进行控制，但可供受影响的个人或其指定人员以及其他执行批准的流行病学研究的团体使用。美国军人的辐射暴露介绍（视频 2:19，http://links.lww.com/HP/A30）。
