Mena-Bravo A, Luque de Castro M D
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Annex Marie Curie Building, Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; University of Córdoba Agroalimentary Excellence Campus, ceiA3, Spain; Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Córdoba, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain.
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Annex Marie Curie Building, Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; University of Córdoba Agroalimentary Excellence Campus, ceiA3, Spain; Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Córdoba, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain.
J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2014 Mar;90:139-47. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.10.048. Epub 2013 Dec 10.
Sweat is a biofluid with present scant use as clinical sample. This review tries to demonstrate the advantages of sweat over other biofluids such as blood or urine for routine clinical analyses and the potential when related to metabolomics. With this aim, critical discussion of sweat samplers and equipment for analysis of target compounds in this sample is made. Well established routine analyses in sweat as is that to diagnose cystic fibrosis, and the advantages and disadvantages of sweat versus urine or blood for doping control have also been discussed. Methods for analytes such as essential metals and xenometals, ethanol and electrolytes in sweat in fact constitute target metabolomics approaches or belong to any metabolomics subdiscipline such as metallomics, ionomics or xenometabolomics. The higher development of biomarkers based on genomics or proteomics as omics older than metabolomics is discussed and also the potential role of metabolomics in systems biology taking into account its emergent implementation. Normalization of the volume of sampled sweat constitutes a present unsolved shortcoming that deserves investigation. Foreseeable trends in this area are outlined.
汗液是一种目前在临床样本中使用较少的生物流体。本综述旨在阐述汗液相对于血液或尿液等其他生物流体在常规临床分析中的优势，以及与代谢组学相关的潜力。为此，对汗液采样器以及分析该样本中目标化合物的设备进行了批判性讨论。还讨论了汗液中已确立的常规分析方法，如用于诊断囊性纤维化的方法，以及汗液与尿液或血液在兴奋剂检测方面的优缺点。汗液中必需金属和外来金属、乙醇及电解质等分析物的检测方法实际上构成了目标代谢组学方法，或属于金属组学、离子组学或外来代谢组学等任何代谢组学子学科。文中讨论了基于基因组学或蛋白质组学的生物标志物（作为比代谢组学更早的组学）的更高发展水平，以及考虑到代谢组学的新兴应用，其在系统生物学中的潜在作用。采样汗液体积的标准化是目前一个尚未解决的缺点，值得研究。概述了该领域可预见的趋势。
