Willoughby A, Moss H A, Hubbard V S, Bercu B B, Graubard B I, Vietze P M, Chang C C, Berendes H W
Pediatrics. 1987 Jun;79(6):851-7.
The developmental outcome of 2- and 4-year-old children who had been exposed as infants to chloride-deficient formula was studied. A negative dose-response relationship was demonstrated between use of the formula without additional nutritional supplementation and cognitive outcome as measured by the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (Pearson r = -.55, P = .01) at 2 years of age. A similar negative relationship was demonstrated between this exclusive use of the defective formula and perceptual (Pearson r = -.51, P less than .05), motor (Pearson r = -.52, P less than .05), and fine motor (Pearson r = -.75, P less than .002) ability as measured by the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities at 4 years of age. When other know predictors of developmental outcome were taken into account by means of multiple linear regression analyses, exclusive formula use emerged as an important predictor of the children's cognitive functioning at 2 years (model R2 = .59, P less than .005) and of quantitative (model R2 = .58, P less than .006), perceptual (model R2 = .63, P less than .009), and fine motor ability (model R2 = .74, P less than .003) at 4 years of age. These data raise concern about the developmental outcome of the children exposed to chloride-deficient formula.
对婴儿期食用缺氯配方奶粉的2岁和4岁儿童的发育结局进行了研究。在2岁时，未添加其他营养补充剂的配方奶粉使用情况与通过贝利婴儿发育量表测量的认知结局之间呈现出负剂量反应关系（皮尔逊相关系数r = -0.55，P = 0.01）。在4岁时，仅使用这种有缺陷的配方奶粉与通过麦卡锡儿童能力量表测量的感知能力（皮尔逊相关系数r = -0.51，P < 0.05）、运动能力（皮尔逊相关系数r = -0.52，P < 0.05）和精细运动能力（皮尔逊相关系数r = -0.75，P < 0.002）之间也呈现出类似的负相关关系。当通过多元线性回归分析考虑其他已知的发育结局预测因素时，仅使用配方奶粉成为儿童2岁时认知功能（模型R2 = 0.59，P < 0.005）以及4岁时定量能力（模型R2 = 0.58，P < 0.006）、感知能力（模型R2 = 0.63，P < 0.009）和精细运动能力（模型R2 = 0.74，P < 0.003）的重要预测因素。这些数据引发了对接触缺氯配方奶粉儿童发育结局的担忧。
