Tomlinson M, Yasamy M T, Emerson E, Officer A, Richler D, Saxena S
Department of Psychology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
J Intellect Disabil Res. 2014 Dec;58(12):1121-30. doi: 10.1111/jir.12106. Epub 2014 Jan 7.
The prevalence of intellectual disabilities (ID) has been estimated at 10.4/1000 worldwide with higher rates among children and adolescents in lower income countries. The objective of this paper is to address research priorities for development disabilities, notably ID and autism, at the global level and to propose the more rational use of scarce funds in addressing this under-investigated area.
An expert group was identified and invited to systematically list and score research questions. They applied the priority setting methodology of the Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative (CHNRI) to generate research questions and to evaluate them using a set of five criteria: answerability, feasibility, applicability and impact, support within the context and equity.
The results of this process clearly indicated that the important priorities for future research related to the need for effective and efficient approaches to early intervention, empowerment of families supporting a person with developmental disability and to address preventable causes of poor health in people with ID and autism.
For the public health and other systems to become more effective in delivering appropriate support to persons with developmental disabilities, greater (and more targeted) investment in research is required to produce evidence of what works consistent with international human rights standards.
据估计，全球智力残疾（ID）的患病率为10.4/1000，低收入国家的儿童和青少年患病率更高。本文的目的是探讨全球范围内发育障碍（尤其是智力残疾和自闭症）的研究重点，并提出在这个研究不足的领域更合理地使用稀缺资金的建议。
确定了一个专家组并邀请他们系统地列出研究问题并进行评分。他们应用了儿童健康与营养研究倡议（CHNRI）的优先事项设定方法来生成研究问题，并使用一套五个标准进行评估：可回答性、可行性、适用性和影响、背景支持和平等性。
这一过程的结果清楚地表明，未来研究的重要优先事项涉及需要有效和高效的早期干预方法、增强支持发育障碍患者家庭的能力以及解决智力残疾和自闭症患者健康状况不佳的可预防原因。
为了使公共卫生和其他系统在为发育障碍患者提供适当支持方面更加有效，需要增加（且更有针对性的）研究投资，以产生符合国际人权标准的有效措施的证据。
