Needleman R, Ritvo E R, Freeman B J
J Autism Dev Disord. 1980 Dec;10(4):389-98. doi: 10.1007/BF02414815.
The language of children with autism and other developmental disabilities was examined systematically according to a set of objectively defined linguistic parameters. These criteria were drawn from clinical observations reported in the literature and from developmental norms of language acquisition. Data analysis identified sets of parameters that were correlated with psychiatrists' clinical diagnoses but failed to isolate individual parameters (such as echolalia or noncommunicativeness) that have been suggested to be pathonomic.
根据一组客观定义的语言参数,对患有自闭症和其他发育障碍儿童的语言进行了系统研究。这些标准取自文献中报道的临床观察结果以及语言习得的发育规范。数据分析确定了与精神科医生临床诊断相关的参数集,但未能分离出那些被认为具有病理特征的个别参数(如模仿言语或无交流能力)。