Erectile function restoration after repair of resected cavernous nerves by adipose-derived stem cells combined with autologous vein graft in rats.

Cavernous nerve (CN) injury is the main cause of erectile dysfunction (ED) following radical prostatectomy. The recovery of erectile function following this procedure remains challenging. Here, we investigated the ability of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) combined with autologous vein graft to improve erectile function in a rat model of bilateral long CN resection. Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 36) were randomized into four groups. Group A underwent sham operation. In Groups B, C, and D, an 8-mm segment of CN was excised bilaterally. In Group B and C, a 10-mm segment of autologous saphenous vein was interposed bilaterally at the site of injury, and the two nerve stumps were inserted into the vein lumen. 50 μL ADSCs were injected into each vein in Group B, and 50 μL of phosphate-buffered saline was injected in Group C. Group D underwent no repair. Erectile function assessed after 3 months by measuring intracavernosal pressure demonstrated significant recovery in erectile function in Group B with minimal recovery in Group C or D. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the nNOS-positive area was significantly larger in Group B than in Group D. ADSCs combined with autologous vein graft treatment had beneficial effects on the smooth muscle/collagen ratio in the corpus cavernosum. This procedure, therefore, provided a means of regenerating CN tissue and restoring autonomic erectile function after long bilateral CN resection (0.8 cm) in rats.