Zittel Claus
Institut für Deutsche und Niederländische Philologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Habelschwerdter Allee 45, 14195, Berlin, Deutschland,
NTM. 2014;22(1-2):9-29. doi: 10.1007/s00048-013-0106-0.
The notion of 'Gestalt' plays a prominent role in Ludwik Fleck's theory of thought styles. This paper scrutinizes how Fleck adopted the concepts and even methods of Gestalt psychology that he sometimes vaguely refers to. Systematically comparing the argumentation and theoretical outlines of Fleck's social theory of perception and the principles of some Gestalt theories, this article will show and discuss their similarities and fundamental differences. According to Fleck, both science and individual perception rest on social actions and cultural traditions. In particular, Fleck emphasized the relevance of the common language and collective meanings for the shaping of objects according to the thought style of a scientific collective. In contrast to the principles of Gestalt theories, in Fleck's view not only the perception, but also the constitution of scientific objects and even the'laws' of perception depend on social and cultural constructions of reality. That leads him to a particular theory of Gestalt perception
“格式塔”概念在路德维克·弗莱克的思想风格理论中扮演着重要角色。本文仔细研究了弗莱克如何采用他有时模糊提及的格式塔心理学的概念甚至方法。通过系统比较弗莱克社会感知理论的论证和理论框架与一些格式塔理论的原则，本文将展示并讨论它们的异同。按照弗莱克的观点，科学和个体感知都基于社会行为和文化传统。特别是，弗莱克强调了通用语言和集体意义对于根据科学集体的思想风格塑造对象的相关性。与格式塔理论的原则不同，在弗莱克看来，不仅感知，而且科学对象的构成乃至感知的“规律”都取决于对现实的社会和文化建构。这使他得出了一种独特的格式塔感知理论
