Augst Susanne, Kleinsorge Thomas, Kunde Wilfried
Department of Psychology, Julius Maximilians University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany,
Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci. 2014 Sep;14(3):1009-25. doi: 10.3758/s13415-013-0243-x.
Emotion-laden stimuli can disturb information processing in an unrelated cognitive task. We investigated the possibilities and limitations for shielding from such disturbance. Participants performed a simple categorization task while being simultaneously exposed to negative, neutral, and positive pictures. Performance dropped with negative pictures, relative to positive and neutral stimuli. Unlike Stroop or Simon interference effects, this negativity-based disturbance did not reduce as a function of previous experience of disturbance (Exp. 1) or of announcement of such disturbance on a trial-by-trial basis (Exps. 2 and 3). We found hints of a reduction of negativity-based disturbance, however, when negative stimulation occurred with high list-wide probability (Exp. 4). These observations suggest that the control of negativity-based task disturbance might be possible in a sustained manner, but that it is severely limited when operating in a transient, moment-to-moment manner.
充满情感的刺激会干扰无关认知任务中的信息处理。我们研究了屏蔽此类干扰的可能性和局限性。参与者在同时接触负面、中性和正面图片时执行一项简单的分类任务。相对于正面和中性刺激，负面图片会导致表现下降。与斯特鲁普或西蒙干扰效应不同，这种基于负面性的干扰不会随着先前的干扰经历（实验1）或逐次试验中对此类干扰的预告（实验2和3）而减少。然而，当负面刺激以较高的列表范围内的概率出现时（实验4），我们发现了基于负面性的干扰有所减少的迹象。这些观察结果表明，持续控制基于负面性的任务干扰可能是可行的，但以瞬态、逐时刻的方式操作时，这种控制会受到严重限制。
