Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, PL 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
Pharmacol Rep. 2013;65(5):1075-85. doi: 10.1016/s1734-1140(13)71466-x.
Pharmaceutical biotechnology has a long tradition and is rooted in the last century, first exemplified by penicillin and streptomycin as low molecular weight biosynthetic compounds. Today, pharmaceutical biotechnology still has its fundamentals in fermentation and bioprocessing, but the paradigmatic change affected by biotechnology and pharmaceutical sciences has led to an updated definition. The biotechnology revolution redrew the research, development, production and even marketing processes of drugs. Powerful new instruments and biotechnology related scientific disciplines (genomics, proteomics) make it possible to examine and exploit the behavior of proteins and molecules. Recombinant DNA (rDNA) technologies (genetic, protein, and metabolic engineering) allow the production of a wide range of peptides, proteins, and biochemicals from naturally nonproducing cells. This technology, now approximately 25 years old, is becoming one of the most important technologies developed in the 20(th) century. Pharmaceutical products and industrial enzymes were the first biotech products on the world market made by means of rDNA. Despite important advances regarding rDNA applications in mammalian cells, yeasts still represent attractive hosts for the production of heterologous proteins. In this review we describe these processes.
制药生物技术有着悠久的历史，可以追溯到上个世纪，最初的例子是青霉素和链霉素等低分子量生物合成化合物。今天，制药生物技术仍然以发酵和生物加工为基础，但生物技术和制药科学带来的范式转变导致了更新的定义。生物技术革命重新绘制了药物的研究、开发、生产甚至营销过程的蓝图。强大的新仪器和与生物技术相关的科学学科（基因组学、蛋白质组学）使得研究和利用蛋白质和分子的行为成为可能。重组 DNA(rDNA)技术（遗传、蛋白质和代谢工程）允许从原本不产生的细胞中生产广泛的肽、蛋白质和生化物质。这项大约 25 年前开发的技术，正在成为 20 世纪最重要的技术之一。rDNA 技术首先用于生产世界市场上的制药产品和工业用酶。尽管 rDNA 在哺乳动物细胞中的应用取得了重要进展，但酵母仍然是生产异源蛋白质的有吸引力的宿主。在这篇综述中，我们描述了这些过程。
