Williams David M
Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
Med Princ Pract. 2014;23 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):52-9. doi: 10.1159/000356934. Epub 2014 Jan 7.
The World Health Organization asserts that oral health is a basic human right, yet this is a right enjoyed by few. Oral disease is a major problem in high-income countries, where the cost of treating oral diseases often exceeds that for major non-communicable diseases. In low-to-middle income countries, oral diseases are a severe and growing public health problem. Furthermore, major inequalities exist both within and between countries in terms of disease severity and prevalence, and major social gradients exist in the prevalence of oral disease. The International Association for Dental Research (IADR) has responded to the challenge of poor oral health and oral health inequalities through the Global Oral Health Inequalities: the Research Agenda (GOHIRA) initiative. In a Call to Action it has set out the priorities for research that can lead to a reduction in oral health inequalities. Three key challenges have been identified, namely gaps in knowledge and an insufficient focus on social policy, the separation of oral health from general health, and inadequate evidence-based data. Ten key research priorities have been identified with due regard to the differing needs of the variety of global health care systems, and a set of prioritized outcomes and a timeline for implementation have been defined. In the wider context of the proposals set out above, five immediate priorities for action have been proposed.
世界卫生组织宣称口腔健康是一项基本人权，但享有这项权利的人却寥寥无几。口腔疾病在高收入国家是一个主要问题，在这些国家，治疗口腔疾病的费用常常超过主要非传染性疾病的治疗费用。在中低收入国家，口腔疾病是一个严重且日益加剧的公共卫生问题。此外，在疾病严重程度和患病率方面，国家内部和国家之间都存在重大不平等，而且口腔疾病患病率存在显著的社会梯度差异。国际牙科研究协会（IADR）通过“全球口腔健康不平等：研究议程”（GOHIRA）倡议应对了口腔健康状况不佳和口腔健康不平等的挑战。在一份行动呼吁中，它列出了有助于减少口腔健康不平等的研究重点。已确定了三个关键挑战，即知识差距和对社会政策的关注不足、口腔健康与整体健康的分离以及循证数据不足。在充分考虑全球各种医疗保健系统不同需求的情况下，确定了十个关键研究重点，并确定了一系列优先成果和实施时间表。在上述提议的更广泛背景下，提出了五项立即行动的优先事项。
