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真核起始因子5A(eIF5A)和延伸因子P(EF-P):两个独特的翻译因子如今正殊途同归。

eIF5A and EF-P: two unique translation factors are now traveling the same road.

作者信息

Rossi Danuza, Kuroshu Reginaldo, Zanelli Cleslei Fernando, Valentini Sandro Roberto

机构信息

Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil.

出版信息

Wiley Interdiscip Rev RNA. 2014 Mar-Apr;5(2):209-22. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1211. Epub 2014 Jan 8.

Abstract

Translational control is extremely important in all organisms, and some of its aspects are highly conserved among all primary kingdoms, such as those related to the translation elongation step. The previously classified translation initiation factor 5A (eIF5A) and its bacterial homologue elongation factor P (EF-P) were discovered in the late 70's and have recently been the object of many studies. eIF5A and EF-P are the only cellular proteins that undergo hypusination and lysinylation, respectively, both of which are unique posttranslational modifications. Herein, we review all the important discoveries related to the biochemical and functional characterization of these factors, highlighting the implication of eIF5A in translation elongation instead of initiation. The findings that eIF5A and EF-P are important for specific cellular processes and play a role in the relief of ribosome stalling caused by specific amino acid sequences, such as those containing prolines reinforce the hypothesis that these factors are involved in specialized translation. Although there are some divergences between these unique factors, recent studies have clarified that they act similarly during protein synthesis. Further studies may reveal their precise mechanism of ribosome activity modulation as well as the mRNA targets that require eIF5A and EF-P for their proper translation.

摘要

翻译控制在所有生物体中都极其重要,其一些方面在所有原生生物界中高度保守,例如与翻译延伸步骤相关的方面。先前分类的翻译起始因子5A(eIF5A)及其细菌同源物延伸因子P(EF-P)在70年代末被发现,最近成为许多研究的对象。eIF5A和EF-P是仅有的分别经历hypusination和赖氨酰化的细胞蛋白,这两种都是独特的翻译后修饰。在此,我们综述了与这些因子的生化和功能特性相关的所有重要发现,强调了eIF5A在翻译延伸而非起始中的作用。eIF5A和EF-P对特定细胞过程很重要,并在缓解由特定氨基酸序列(如含脯氨酸的序列)引起的核糖体停滞中发挥作用,这些发现强化了这些因子参与特殊翻译的假说。尽管这些独特因子之间存在一些差异,但最近的研究表明它们在蛋白质合成过程中作用相似。进一步的研究可能会揭示它们调节核糖体活性的精确机制以及需要eIF5A和EF-P进行正确翻译的mRNA靶标。

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