Chery Jessica, Larschan Erica
Department of Molecular Biology, Cellular Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, 185 Meeting Street, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
Department of Molecular Biology, Cellular Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, 185 Meeting Street, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
Biochim Biophys Acta. 2014 Mar;1839(3):234-40. doi: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2013.12.007. Epub 2014 Jan 7.
Dosage compensation is the essential process that equalizes the dosage of X-linked genes between the sexes in heterogametic species. Because all of the genes along the length of a single chromosome are co-regulated, dosage compensation serves as a model system for understanding how domains of coordinate gene regulation are established. Dosage compensation has been best studied in mammals, flies and worms. Although dosage compensation systems are seemingly diverse across species, there are key shared principles of nucleation and spreading that are critical for accurate targeting of the dosage compensation complex to the X-chromosome(s). We will highlight the mechanisms by which long non-coding RNAs function together with DNA sequence elements to tether dosage compensation complexes to the X-chromosome. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Chromatin and epigenetic regulation of animal development.
剂量补偿是在异配性别物种中使两性之间X连锁基因剂量相等的基本过程。由于沿着单条染色体长度的所有基因都是共同调控的，剂量补偿作为一个模型系统，用于理解协调基因调控结构域是如何建立的。剂量补偿在哺乳动物、果蝇和线虫中得到了最好的研究。尽管不同物种的剂量补偿系统看似多样，但成核和扩散的关键共同原则对于将剂量补偿复合体准确靶向到X染色体至关重要。我们将重点介绍长链非编码RNA与DNA序列元件共同作用，将剂量补偿复合体拴系到X染色体上的机制。本文是名为“动物发育的染色质和表观遗传调控”的特刊的一部分。
