Ercan Sevinç
Department of Biology, Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA.
J Genomics. 2015 Jan 1;3:1-19. doi: 10.7150/jgen.10404. eCollection 2015.
In many animals, males have one X and females have two X chromosomes. The difference in X chromosome dosage between the two sexes is compensated by mechanisms that regulate X chromosome transcription. Recent advances in genomic techniques have provided new insights into the molecular mechanisms of X chromosome dosage compensation. In this review, I summarize our current understanding of dosage imbalance in general, and then review the molecular mechanisms of X chromosome dosage compensation with an emphasis on the parallels and differences between the three well-studied model systems, M. musculus, D. melanogaster and C. elegans.
在许多动物中，雄性有一条X染色体，雌性有两条X染色体。两性之间X染色体剂量的差异通过调节X染色体转录的机制来补偿。基因组技术的最新进展为X染色体剂量补偿的分子机制提供了新的见解。在这篇综述中，我首先总结了我们目前对剂量失衡的总体理解，然后回顾了X染色体剂量补偿的分子机制，重点阐述了三个深入研究的模型系统——小家鼠、黑腹果蝇和秀丽隐杆线虫之间的异同。
