Yoganandan Narayan, Pintar Frank A, Humm John R, Stadter Gregory W, Curry William H, Brasel Karen J
Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI.
Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI.
Ann Adv Automot Med. 2013;57:197-208.
This study analyzed skeletal and organ injuries in pure lateral and oblique impacts from 20 intact post mortem human surrogate (PMHS) sled tests at 6.7 m/s. Injuries to the shoulder, thorax, abdomen, pelvis and spine were scored using AIS 1990-1998 update and 2005. The Injury Severity Scores (ISS) were extracted for both loadings from both versions. Mean age, stature, total body mass and body mass index for pure lateral and oblique tests: 58 and 55 years, 1.7 and 1.8 m, 69 and 66 kg, and 24 and 21 kg/m(2). Skeletal injuries (ribs, sternum) occurred in both impacts. However, oblique impacts resulted in more injuries. Pure lateral and oblique impacts ISS: 0 to 16 and 0 to 24, representing a greater potential for injury-related consequences in real-world situations in oblique impacts. Internal organs were more involved in oblique impacts. ISS decreased in AIS 2005, reflecting changes to scoring and drawing attention to potential effects for pre-hospital care/medical aspects. Mean AIS scores for the two load vectors and two AIS coding schemes are included. From automotive crashworthiness perspectives, decreases in injury severities might alter injury risk functions with a shift to lower metrics for the same risk level than current risk estimations. This finding influences dummy-based injury criteria and occupant safety as risk functions are used for countermeasure effectiveness and cost-benefit analyses by regulatory bodies. Increase in organ injuries in oblique loading indicate the importance of this vector as current dummies and injury criteria used in regulations are based on pure lateral impact data.
本研究分析了20次完整的人体尸体模拟物（PMHS）雪橇试验中，在6.7米/秒速度下的纯侧面撞击和斜向撞击造成的骨骼和器官损伤。使用AIS 1990 - 1998更新版和2005版对肩部、胸部、腹部、骨盆和脊柱的损伤进行评分。从两个版本中提取了两种加载情况下的损伤严重度评分（ISS）。纯侧面和斜向试验的平均年龄、身高、总体质量和体重指数分别为：58岁和55岁、1.7米和1.8米、69千克和66千克、以及24千克/平方米和21千克/平方米。两种撞击均会导致骨骼损伤（肋骨、胸骨）。然而，斜向撞击造成的损伤更多。纯侧面和斜向撞击的ISS分别为0至16和0至24，这表明在现实世界中斜向撞击导致与损伤相关后果的可能性更大。斜向撞击中内部器官受影响更大。在AIS 2005中ISS有所下降，这反映了评分的变化，并提请注意对院前护理/医学方面的潜在影响。文中包含了两种加载向量和两种AIS编码方案的平均AIS评分。从汽车防撞性角度来看，损伤严重程度的降低可能会改变损伤风险函数，在相同风险水平下，与当前风险估计相比，指标会向更低值转变。这一发现会影响基于假人的损伤标准和乘员安全性，因为监管机构在进行对策有效性和成本效益分析时会使用风险函数。斜向加载中器官损伤的增加表明了该加载方向的重要性，因为目前法规中使用的假人和损伤标准是基于纯侧面撞击数据的。
