Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, USA.
Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2014 Jan;16(1):389. doi: 10.1007/s11908-013-0389-2.
The epidemiology of urnary tract infections (UTIs) among men and women with diabetes is similar to the epidemiology of those without: Women have greater risk than men, and frequency of sexual activity is a risk factor. The bacteriology and antibiotic susceptibility patterns also do not, in general, differ from those without diabetes. Although persons with diabetes are more likely to have asymptomatic bacteriuria, asymptomatic bacteriuria does not lead to increased risk of symptomatic infection, except during pregnancy or prior to genital-urinary or gastrointestinal surgery, and should not be treated otherwise. However, diabetes doubles the risk of UTI. The source of this increase is not well understood, although bladder dysfunction, which increases with duration of diabetes, and glycosuria are hypothesized mechanisms. As treatment using sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors-which lead to glycosuria-increases, there is a potential for the frequency of UTI to increase among those with diabetes.
男性和女性糖尿病患者尿路感染（UTI）的流行病学与非糖尿病患者相似：女性的风险高于男性，性行为频率是一个风险因素。一般来说，细菌学和抗生素敏感性模式也与非糖尿病患者没有区别。尽管糖尿病患者更有可能无症状菌尿，但无症状菌尿并不会增加有症状感染的风险，除非在怀孕期间或生殖器-泌尿系统或胃肠道手术后，否则不应进行治疗。然而，糖尿病会使 UTI 的风险增加一倍。这种增加的来源尚不清楚，尽管随着糖尿病持续时间的延长而增加的膀胱功能障碍和糖尿被假设为机制。随着钠葡萄糖协同转运蛋白 2 抑制剂（导致糖尿）的治疗增加，糖尿病患者 UTI 的频率可能会增加。
