将有机磷处理过的壁衬和长效杀虫剂处理过的蚊帐结合使用，以改善对拟除虫菊酯抗性的冈比亚按蚊的控制。
Combining organophosphate treated wall linings and long-lasting insecticidal nets for improved control of pyrethroid resistant Anopheles gambiae.
机构信息
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
Centre Suisse de Recherche Scientifiques, Abidjan, Cote D'Ivoire.
出版信息
PLoS One. 2014 Jan 7;9(1):e83897. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083897. eCollection 2014.
BACKGROUND
New approaches to delivering insecticides need to be developed to improve malaria vector control. Insecticidal durable wall lining (DL) and net wall hangings (NWH) are novel alternatives to indoor residual spraying which can be produced in a long-lasting format. Non-pyrethroid versions could be used in combination with long-lasting insecticidal nets for improved control and management of insecticide resistant vector populations.
METHODS
Experimental hut trials were carried out in Valley du Kou, Burkina Faso to evaluate the efficacy of pirimiphos methyl treated DL and NWH either alone or in combination with LLINs against pyrethroid resistant Anopheles gambiae ss. Comparison was made with pyrethroid DL. Mosquitoes were genotyped for kdr and ace-1R resistant genes to investigate the insecticide resistance management potential of the combination.
RESULTS
The overall kdr and ace-1(R) allele frequencies were 0.95 and 0.01 respectively. Mortality with p-methyl DL and NWH alone was higher than with pyrethroid DL alone (>95% vs 40%; P<0.001). Combining pyrethroid DL with LLINs did not show improvement in mortality (48%) compared to the LLIN alone (44%) (P>0.1). Combining p-methyl DL or NWH with LLINs reduced biting rates significantly (8-9%) compared to p-methyl DL and NWH alone (>40%) and killed all An gambiae that entered the huts. Mosquitoes bearing the ace-1(R) gene were more likely to survive in huts with p-methyl DL alone (p<0.03) whereas all resistant and susceptible genotypes were killed by the combination.
CONCLUSION
P-methyl DL and NWH outperformed pyrethroid DL. Combining p-methyl DL and NWH with LLINs could provide significant epidemiological benefits against a vector population which is resistant to pyrethroids but susceptible to organophosphates. There was evidence that the single intervention would select kdr and ace-1(R) resistance genes and the combination intervention might select less strongly. Technology to bind organophosphates to plastic wall lining would be worth developing.
背景
需要开发新的方法来传递杀虫剂，以改善疟疾媒介控制。杀虫耐久壁衬（DL）和网壁悬挂物（NWH）是一种新型的室内滞留喷雾替代品，可以以持久的形式生产。非拟除虫菊酯版本可以与长效杀虫剂一起使用，以改善对具有抗药性的媒介种群的控制和管理。
方法
在布基纳法索的谷杜库进行了实验性小屋试验，以评估单独使用或与长效蚊帐（LLIN）联合使用经吡虫啉处理的 DL 和 NWH 对耐拟除虫菊酯的冈比亚按蚊 ss 的功效。与拟除虫菊酯 DL 进行了比较。对蚊子进行了 kdr 和 ace-1R 抗性基因的基因分型，以研究组合的杀虫剂抗性管理潜力。
结果
总体 kdr 和 ace-1（R）等位基因频率分别为 0.95 和 0.01。单独使用 p-甲基 DL 和 NWH 的死亡率高于单独使用拟除虫菊酯 DL（>95%对 40%；P<0.001）。将拟除虫菊酯 DL 与 LLIN 联合使用并没有提高死亡率（48%），与单独使用 LLIN 相比（44%）（P>0.1）。将 p-甲基 DL 或 NWH 与 LLIN 联合使用可显著降低叮咬率（8-9%），与单独使用 p-甲基 DL 和 NWH 相比（>40%），并杀死进入小屋的所有冈比亚按蚊。携带 ace-1（R）基因的蚊子更有可能在单独使用 p-甲基 DL 的小屋中存活（p<0.03），而所有抗性和敏感基因型都被组合杀死。
结论
p-甲基 DL 和 NWH 优于拟除虫菊酯 DL。将 p-甲基 DL 和 NWH 与 LLIN 联合使用可能会对耐拟除虫菊酯但对有机磷敏感的媒介种群产生重大的流行病学益处。有证据表明，单一干预措施会选择 kdr 和 ace-1（R）抗性基因，而联合干预措施的选择可能较弱。将有机磷结合到塑料壁衬上的技术值得开发。
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