Mosqueira Beatriz, Soma Dieudonné D, Namountougou Moussa, Poda Serge, Diabaté Abdoulaye, Ali Ouari, Fournet Florence, Baldet Thierry, Carnevale Pierre, Dabiré Roch K, Mas-Coma Santiago
Departamento de Parasitologia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Av Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain.
Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS)/Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso 01 BP 545, Burkina Faso.
Acta Trop. 2015 Aug;148:162-9. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.04.010. Epub 2015 May 7.
A pilot study to test the efficacy of combining an organophosphate-based insecticide paint and pyrethroid-treated Long Lasting Insecticide Treated Nets (LLINs) against pyrethroid-resistant malaria vector mosquitoes was performed in a real village setting in Burkina Faso. Paint Inesfly 5A IGR™, comprised of two organophosphates (OPs) and an Insect Growth Regulator (IGR), was tested in combination with pyrethroid-treated LLINs. Efficacy was assessed in terms of mortality for 12 months using Early Morning Collections of malaria vectors and 30-minute WHO bioassays. Resistance to pyrethroids and OPs was assessed by detecting the frequency of L1014F and L1014S kdr mutations and Ace-1(R)G119S mutation, respectively. Blood meal origin was identified using a direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The combination of Inesfly 5A IGR™ and LLINs was effective in killing 99.9-100% of malaria vector populations for 6 months regardless of the dose and volume treated. After 12 months, mortality rates decreased to 69.5-82.2%. The highest mortality rates observed in houses treated with 2 layers of insecticide paint and a larger volume. WHO bioassays supported these results: mortalities were 98.8-100% for 6 months and decreased after 12 months to 81.7-97.0%. Mortality rates in control houses with LLINs were low. Collected malaria vectors consisted exclusively of Anopheles coluzzii and were resistant to pyrethroids, with a L1014 kdr mutation frequency ranging from 60 to 98% through the study. About 58% of An. coluzzii collected inside houses had bloodfed on non-human animals. Combining Inesfly 5A IGR™ and LLINs yielded a one year killing efficacy against An. coluzzii highly resistant to pyrethroids but susceptible to OPs that exhibited an anthropo-zoophilic behaviour in the study area. The results obtained in a real setting supported previous work performed in experimental huts and underscore the need to study the impact that this novel strategy may have on clinical malaria and malaria exposure in children in a similar area of high pyrethroid resistance in South-Western Burkina Faso.
在布基纳法索的一个真实村庄环境中，开展了一项试点研究，以测试将基于有机磷的杀虫剂涂料与拟除虫菊酯处理的长效驱虫蚊帐（LLINs）相结合，对抗拟除虫菊酯的疟疾媒介蚊子的效果。由两种有机磷（OPs）和一种昆虫生长调节剂（IGR）组成的Inesfly 5A IGR™涂料，与经拟除虫菊酯处理的LLINs联合进行了测试。使用疟疾媒介清晨采集法和30分钟的世卫组织生物测定法，在12个月内根据死亡率评估效果。分别通过检测L1014F和L1014S kdr突变频率以及Ace-1(R)G119S突变，评估对拟除虫菊酯和OPs的抗性。使用直接酶联免疫吸附测定法（ELISA）确定血餐来源。无论处理剂量和体积如何，Inesfly 5A IGR™与LLINs的组合在6个月内均能有效杀死99.9 - 100%的疟疾媒介种群。12个月后，死亡率降至69.5 - 82.2%。在使用两层杀虫剂涂料且体积较大的房屋中观察到最高死亡率。世卫组织生物测定法支持了这些结果：6个月内死亡率为98.8 - 100%，12个月后降至81.7 - 97.0%。使用LLINs的对照房屋中的死亡率较低。采集到的疟疾媒介仅为科氏疟蚊，并且对拟除虫菊酯具有抗性，在整个研究过程中，L1014 kdr突变频率在60%至98%之间。在房屋内采集的约58%的科氏疟蚊以非人类动物为血源。将Inesfly 5A IGR™与LLINs相结合，对在研究区域表现出嗜人 - 嗜动物性且对拟除虫菊酯高度抗性但对OPs敏感的科氏疟蚊产生了一年的杀灭效果。在实际环境中获得的结果支持了之前在实验小屋中开展的工作，并强调有必要研究这种新策略可能对布基纳法索西南部类似拟除虫菊酯高抗性地区儿童的临床疟疾和疟疾暴露产生的影响。
