Manríquez-Morán Norma L, Cruz Fausto R Méndez-de la, Murphy Robert W
1 Laboratorio de Sistemática Molecular, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo. Km. 4.5 Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo s/n. Col. Carboneras. C. P. 42184. Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, México.
Zoolog Sci. 2014 Jan;31(1):14-9. doi: 10.2108/zsj.31.14.
Parthenogenesis is a form of clonal reproduction. Eggs develop in the absence of sperm and offspring are genetically identical to their mother. Although common in invertebrates, it occurs in only a few species of squamate reptiles. Parthenogenetic reptiles have their origin in interspecific hybridization, and their populations are exclusively female. Because of its high mutation rate and maternal inheritance, mitochondrial DNA sequence data can evaluate the origin and evolution of all-female vertebrates. Partial sequences from two mitochondrial genes, Cytb and ND4, were analyzed to investigate questions about the origin of parthenogenesis in the Aspidoscelis cozumela complex, which includes A. cozumela, A. maslini and A. rodecki. Low levels of divergence were detected among parthenogenetic species, and between them and A. angusticeps, confirming it as the maternal species of the parthenoforms. A gene tree was constructed using sequences from three populations of A. angusticeps and nine of its unisexual daughter species. The phylogeny suggests that two independent hybridization events between A. angusticeps and A. deppii formed three unisexual species. One hybridization resulted in A. rodecki and the other formed A. maslini and A. cozumela. Although A. cozumela has the haplotype characteristic of A. maslini from Puerto Morelos, it is considered to be a different species based on karyological and morphological characteristics and its geographical isolation.
孤雌生殖是一种克隆繁殖形式。卵子在没有精子的情况下发育，后代在基因上与其母亲相同。虽然在无脊椎动物中很常见，但它只发生在少数有鳞目爬行动物物种中。孤雌生殖的爬行动物起源于种间杂交，其种群全为雌性。由于线粒体DNA序列数据具有高突变率和母系遗传的特点，它可以评估全雌性脊椎动物的起源和进化。分析了来自两个线粒体基因Cytb和ND4的部分序列，以研究关于科苏梅尔鞭尾蜥复合体（包括科苏梅尔鞭尾蜥、马斯林鞭尾蜥和罗德基鞭尾蜥）孤雌生殖起源的问题。在孤雌生殖物种之间以及它们与窄头鞭尾蜥之间检测到低水平的差异，证实窄头鞭尾蜥是孤雌生殖形态的母本物种。利用来自窄头鞭尾蜥三个种群及其九个单性后代物种的序列构建了一个基因树。系统发育分析表明，窄头鞭尾蜥和德氏鞭尾蜥之间的两次独立杂交事件形成了三个单性物种。一次杂交产生了罗德基鞭尾蜥，另一次杂交形成了马斯林鞭尾蜥和科苏梅尔鞭尾蜥。尽管科苏梅尔鞭尾蜥具有来自莫雷洛斯港的马斯林鞭尾蜥的单倍型特征，但基于核型和形态特征以及其地理隔离，它被认为是一个不同的物种。
