The Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM) & Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200025, China.
Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 200031, China.
Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2014 Feb;25(1):35-44. doi: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2013.12.010. Epub 2013 Dec 25.
Since the discovery of SATB2 (special AT-rich sequence binding protein 2) a decade ago, its pivotal roles in development and tissue regeneration have emerged, particularly in craniofacial patterning and development, palate formation, and osteoblast differentiation and maturation. As a member of the special AT-rich binding proteins family that bind to nuclear matrix-attachment regions (MAR), it also displays functional versatility in central nervous development, especially corpus callosum and pons formation, cancer development and prognosis, as well as in immune regulation. At the molecular level, Satb2 gene expression appears to be tissue and stage-specific, and is regulated by several cytokines and growth factors, such as BMP2/4/7, insulin, CNTF, and LIF via ligand receptor signaling pathways. SATB2 mainly performs a twofold role as a transcription regulator by directly binding to AT-rich sequences in MARs to modulate chromatin remodeling, or through association with other transcription factors to modulate the cis-regulation elements and thus to regulate the expression of down-stream target genes and a wide range of biological processes. This contemporary review provides an exploration of the molecular characteristics and function of SATB2; including its expression and cytokine regulation, its involvement in human disease, and its potential roles in skeletogenesis.
自十年前发现 SATB2（特殊富含 AT 序列结合蛋白 2）以来，其在发育和组织再生中的关键作用已经显现出来，特别是在颅面模式形成和发育、腭裂形成以及成骨细胞分化和成熟方面。作为与核基质附着区（MAR）结合的特殊富含 AT 的结合蛋白家族的一员，它在中枢神经系统发育中也具有多功能性，特别是胼胝体和脑桥形成、癌症发展和预后以及免疫调节。在分子水平上，Satb2 基因表达似乎具有组织和阶段特异性，并受几种细胞因子和生长因子的调节，如 BMP2/4/7、胰岛素、CNTF 和 LIF 通过配体受体信号通路。SATB2 主要通过直接与 MAR 中的富含 AT 序列结合来调节染色质重塑，或通过与其他转录因子结合来调节顺式调节元件，从而调节下游靶基因的表达和广泛的生物学过程，从而发挥双重转录调节作用。本综述探讨了 SATB2 的分子特征和功能；包括其表达和细胞因子调节、在人类疾病中的作用以及在骨骼发生中的潜在作用。
