Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 115 R.O.C..
J Chem Ecol. 1982 Dec;8(12):1489-507. doi: 10.1007/BF00989105.
On many hillsides of Taiwan there is a unique pattern of weed exclusion byPhyllostachys edulis (bamboo) andCryptomeria japonica (conifer) in which the density, diversity, and dominance of understory species are very different. Although the physical conditions of light, soil moisture, and soil nutrients strongly favor the growth of understory in a bamboo community, the biomass of its undergrowth is significantly low, indicating that physical competition among the understory species in the bamboo and conifer communities does not cause the observed differences. However, the biochemical inhibition revealed by these two plants appeared to be an important factor. The growth ofPellionia scabra seedlings, transplanted from the study site into greenhouse pots, was evidently suppressed by the aqueous leachate of bamboo leaves but was stimulated by that of conifer leaves. The radicle growth of lettuce, rye grass, and rice plants was also clearly inhibited by the leachate and aqueous extracts of bamboo leaves but not by those of conifer leaves. Six phytotoxins,o-hydroxyphenylacetic,p-hydroxybenzoic,p-coumaric, vanillic, ferulic, and syringic acids were found in the aqueous leachate and extracts of leaves and alcoholic soil extracts ofP. edulis, while the first three compounds were absent in the extracts ofC. japonica. The phytotoxicities of extracts were correlated with the phytotoxins present in both leaves and soils. The understory species might be variously tolerant to the allelopathic compounds produced by the two plants, resulting in a differential selection of species underneath. Therefore, comparative allelopathic effects ofPhyllostachys edulis andCryptomeria japonica may play significant roles in regulating the populations of the understories.
在台湾的许多山坡上，有一个独特的模式，即由刚竹（竹子）和日本柳杉（针叶树）排除杂草，其中林下物种的密度、多样性和优势度非常不同。尽管光照、土壤水分和土壤养分等物理条件强烈有利于竹林下的生长，但林下植物的生物量却明显较低，这表明竹林和针叶林群落中下木种间的物理竞争并没有导致观察到的差异。然而，这两种植物所表现出的生化抑制作用似乎是一个重要因素。从研究地点移栽到温室盆中的菝葜幼苗的生长明显受到竹叶水提物的抑制，但受到针叶树叶水提物的刺激。生菜、黑麦草和水稻植物的胚根生长也明显受到竹叶水提物和提取液的抑制，但不受针叶树叶水提物和提取液的抑制。在刚竹叶的水提物和提取物以及竹叶和土壤的醇提物中发现了六种植物毒素，即邻羟基苯乙酸、对羟基苯甲酸、对香豆酸、香草酸、阿魏酸和丁香酸，而在日本柳杉的提取物中则没有前三种化合物。提取物的植物毒性与叶和土壤中存在的植物毒素有关。林下物种可能对这两种植物产生的化感化合物有不同的耐受性，从而导致物种的差异选择。因此，刚竹和日本柳杉的比较化感效应可能在调节林下种群方面发挥重要作用。
