Selig Elizabeth R, Turner Will R, Troëng Sebastian, Wallace Bryan P, Halpern Benjamin S, Kaschner Kristin, Lascelles Ben G, Carpenter Kent E, Mittermeier Russell A
Betty and Gordon Moore Center for Science and Oceans, Conservation International, Arlington, Virginia, United States of America.
Betty and Gordon Moore Center for Science and Oceans, Conservation International, Arlington, Virginia, United States of America ; Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
PLoS One. 2014 Jan 8;9(1):e82898. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082898. eCollection 2014.
In recent decades, many marine populations have experienced major declines in abundance, but we still know little about where management interventions may help protect the highest levels of marine biodiversity. We used modeled spatial distribution data for nearly 12,500 species to quantify global patterns of species richness and two measures of endemism. By combining these data with spatial information on cumulative human impacts, we identified priority areas where marine biodiversity is most and least impacted by human activities, both within Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs) and Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction (ABNJ). Our analyses highlighted places that are both accepted priorities for marine conservation like the Coral Triangle, as well as less well-known locations in the southwest Indian Ocean, western Pacific Ocean, Arctic and Antarctic Oceans, and within semi-enclosed seas like the Mediterranean and Baltic Seas. Within highly impacted priority areas, climate and fishing were the biggest stressors. Although new priorities may arise as we continue to improve marine species range datasets, results from this work are an essential first step in guiding limited resources to regions where investment could best sustain marine biodiversity.
近几十年来，许多海洋生物种群数量大幅下降，但我们对管理干预措施在何处有助于保护最高水平的海洋生物多样性仍知之甚少。我们使用了近12500个物种的模拟空间分布数据，来量化物种丰富度的全球模式以及两种特有性衡量指标。通过将这些数据与人类累积影响的空间信息相结合，我们确定了专属经济区（EEZ）和国家管辖范围以外区域（ABNJ）内，海洋生物多样性受人类活动影响最大和最小的优先区域。我们的分析突出了一些地方，既有像珊瑚三角区这样公认的海洋保护优先区域，也有印度洋西南部、西太平洋、北冰洋和南大洋以及地中海和波罗的海等半封闭海域内不太知名的区域。在受影响严重的优先区域内，气候和捕鱼是最大的压力源。尽管随着我们不断完善海洋物种分布数据集可能会出现新的优先区域，但这项工作的结果是指导将有限资源投入到最能维持海洋生物多样性的地区的重要第一步。
