Herberman R B
Clin Physiol Biochem. 1987;5(3-4):238-48.
Biological response modifiers (BRMs) are agents or approaches which can modify the biological response of the host to tumors and thereby are expected to augment the resistance to development or progression of cancer. Recent advances in the technology of genetic engineering and monoclonal antibodies have led to rapid progress in this field. There is an increasing number of genetically engineered cytokines, which appear promising for cancer treatment and are becoming available for clinical trials. These include the interferons, leukin-2, tumor necrosis factor, and colony-stimulating factors. For development of optimal therapeutic protocols with these and a variety of immunomodulatory agents, it appears necessary to develop a detailed understanding of the possible mechanisms of their antitumor effects, and to determine the optimal dose and schedule for altering the antitumor effector mechanisms. BRMs would also be expected to be quite useful in the prevention of cancer. Indeed, in a variety of animal tumor model systems, potent protective effects can be demonstrated. However, the strategies for clinical application of such information have yet to be adequately worked out. One more immediate application of this approach is for the prevention of metastatic spread of tumor cells. BRMs, which stimulate natural killer cell activity, have been shown to strongly protect against dissemination of tumors, and clinical strategies for this important aspect of cancer treatment are being developed.
生物反应调节剂（BRMs）是能够改变宿主对肿瘤的生物反应，从而有望增强对癌症发生或进展的抵抗力的药物或方法。基因工程技术和单克隆抗体的最新进展推动了该领域的快速发展。越来越多的基因工程细胞因子在癌症治疗方面显示出前景，并已可用于临床试验。这些细胞因子包括干扰素、白细胞介素-2、肿瘤坏死因子和集落刺激因子。为了利用这些细胞因子和各种免疫调节药物制定最佳治疗方案，似乎有必要深入了解它们抗肿瘤作用的可能机制，并确定改变抗肿瘤效应机制的最佳剂量和给药方案。BRMs在癌症预防方面也有望发挥很大作用。事实上，在多种动物肿瘤模型系统中都能证明其具有强大的保护作用。然而，将此类信息应用于临床的策略尚未得到充分完善。这种方法的另一个直接应用是预防肿瘤细胞的转移扩散。已证明，刺激自然杀伤细胞活性的BRMs能有效防止肿瘤扩散，目前正在制定针对癌症治疗这一重要方面的临床策略。
